[🧠] Bandura et al. (aggression)

Question 1

Sample size

Bandura et al.

Answer 1

72

36 girls, 36 boys

Question 2

Age of sample

Bandura et al.

Answer 2

37 - 69 months

Question 3

Where did the subjects come from?

Bandura et al.

Answer 3

Stanford University Nursery School

Question 4

What were the five aggressive responses standardised for aggressive models?

Bandura et al.

Answer 4

• “Kick him…”
• “Pow…”
• “Sock him in the nose…”
• “Hit him down…”
• Throw him in the air…”

Question 5

What were the two nonaggressive responses standardised for aggressive models?

Bandura et al.

Answer 5

• “He keeps coming back for more”
• “He sure is a tough fella”

Question 6

Define

Delayed imitation

Bandura et al.

Answer 6

Delayed imitation is when someone witnesses a behaviour at one time point but only reproduces the behaviour at a different time point

This was seen when the children imitated behaviours in the final room

Question 7

Define

Social Learning Theory

Bandura et al.

Answer 7

Social Learning Theory is a theory that social behaviour is “learnt by proxy” - by observing and imitating others

Question 8

Sampling technique

Bandura et al.

Answer 8

opportunity sampling

Question 9

Experimental Design

Bandura et al.

Answer 9

Independent groups, Matched-Pairs design

Question 10

Research methods

Bandura et al.

Answer 10

Laboratory experiment and observation

Question 11

Hypotheses

Bandura et al.

Answer 11

1. children exposed to the aggressive model will reproduce aggressive behaviour
2. children exposed to the non-aggressive model will reproduce non-aggressive behaviour
3. children will imitate the same-sex model to a greater extent than of the opposite sex
4. boys will be more predisposed than girls towards aggression

Question 12

Results showing

Same-sex imitation

Bandura et al.

Answer 12

Boy + Aggressive F ~ 12.4
Boy + Aggressive M ~ 25.8

Question 13

Results showing

Male domination in physical aggression

Bandura et al.

Answer 13

Girls + Aggressive M ~ 7.2
Boys + Aggressive M ~ 25.8

Question 14

Results showing

Male domination in verbal aggression

Answer 14

Girls + Aggressive M ~ 2.0
Boys + Aggressive M ~ 12.7

Question 15

Results showing that

model’s non-aggressive behaviour was also imitated

Answer 15

⅓ of participants repeated non-aggressive comments

for non-aggressive/control conditions, no participants repeated non-aggressive comments

Question 16

Aims of Bandura et al. (aggression)

Answer 16

• to investigate observational learning of aggression
• to investigate whether children would reproduce aggressive behaviour when the model was absent
• to investigate gender differences in the learning of aggression

Question 17

Independent variables of Bandura et al.

Answer 17

1. Behaviour of model (aggressive/non-aggressive
2. Sex of model
3. Sex of child

Question 18

Dependent variable of Bandura et al. (aggression)

Answer 18

Amount of behaviour observed in 8 experimental groups

Question 19

How were children sorted into the 8 experimental groups in Bandura et al. (aggression)?

Answer 19

Pre-experiment
Children matched for their levels of
* physical and verbal aggressions
* aggression towards inanimate objects
* aggressive inhibition

Question 20

How were the children in Bandura et al. assessed before being categorised into experimental groups?

Answer 20

Experimenter and a nursery teacher rated (51) children independently on a 4 five-point scale.
Inter-rater reliability score = 0.89

Question 21

From the Modelling Behaviour stage, describe

the model’s corner

Answer 21

• opposite to the participants’ corner
• small table
• tinker toy set
• mallet
• 5-foot inflated Bobo doll

Question 22

From the Modelling Behaviour stage, describe

the participant’s corner

Answer 22

• small table
• potato prints w/ variety of geometrical shapes
• picture stickers - attractive, multicoloured; animals, flowers and western figures; to paste on a pastoral scene

Question 23

Why were specific activities given for the participant in the Modelling Behaviour stage?

Answer 23

The activities were established by previous studies to be of high interest value to the children at the nursery school

Question 24

Modelling Behaviour stage: what did the aggressive model do?

Answer 24

1 MIN: model assembled tinker toys
9 MIN: model turns to Bobo and aggresses towards it

Question 25

Modelling Behaviour stage: what did the non-aggressive model do?

Answer 25

Assembled the tinker toys
in a quiet, subdued manner
ignoring the Bobo