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A Level Psychology > [🧫] Cell Structure > Flashcards

[🧫] Cell Structure Flashcards

Including... • 1.1 The microscope in cell studies • 1.2 Cells as the basic units of living organisms

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1
Q

What is the function of the nucleolus?

A

Nucleolus - site of ribosome production

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2
Q

What is the function of the cell surface membrane?

A

Cell surface membrane - controls the exchange of materials between the internal cell environment and the external cell environment

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3
Q

What is the function of the nuclear envelope?

A

Nuclear envelope - allows
mRNA and ribosomes to move out of the nucleus
and enzymes and signalling molecules to move into the nucleus

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4
Q

What is the function of the nucleus?

A

Nucleus - controls inheritance and cell activities

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5
Q

What is the function of plasmodesmata

(in plant cells only)?

A

allows cytosol and other small molecules to flow directly from cell to cell

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6
Q

What is the function of the cell wall?

A

offers structural support to the cell

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7
Q

What is the function of mitochondria?

A

site of aerobic respiration

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8
Q

What is the function of the Golgi body?

A

Modifies proteins and packages them into lysosomes

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9
Q

Usually,

how thick is the cell wall?

A

100nm thick

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10
Q

Usually,

what is the diameter of the nucleus?

A

diameter: 5 thousand - 20 thousand nm

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11
Q

Usually,

what is the length of the mitochondrion?

A

length: 500 to 1000 nm

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12
Q

Usually,

what is the diameter of an 80S ribosome?

A

eukaryotes: 20-30 nm in diameter

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13
Q

Usually,

what is the diameter of a 70S ribosome?

A

prokaryotes: 20nm in diameter

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14
Q

Usually,

what is the diameter of a microtubule?

A

diameter: 25nm

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15
Q

What is the function of the small, circular mitochondrial DNA?

A

controls mitochondrial replication

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16
Q

What is the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

A

processes and transports proteins made by the ribosomes

17
Q

What is the function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

A

produces, processes, transports and stores lipids, carbohydrates and steroids

18
Q

What is the function of the ribosome?

A

site of protein synthesis

19
Q

What is the function of the lysosome?

A

contains hydrolytic enzymes to break down waste materials

20
Q

What is the function of the centriole?

A

organise spindle fibres during cell division

21
Q

What is the function of the microtubule?

A

makes up the cytoskeleton to provide support and movement of the cell

22
Q

What is the function of the cilia?

A

allows for the movement of substances over the cell surface

23
Q

What is the function of the microvilli?

A

increases the cell surface area for absorption

24
Q

What is the function of the chloroplast?

A

site of photosynthesis and protein synthesis for chloroplast replication and photosynthesis

25
Q

What is the function of the large vacuole in plants?

A

to support the structure of the cell and store dissolved sugars, mineral salts and amino acids

26
Q

What is the function of the tonoplast of the vacuole?

A

controls the movement of substances into and out of the vacuole

27
Q

Usually,

how thick is the phospholipid bilayer of the cell surface membrane?

A

7 - 10nm

28
Q

Define

Resolution

A

the ability to differentiate between two points that are close together

29
Q

Define

Object

A

the material put under the microscope

30
Q

Define

Image

A

The appearance of the object when viewed under the microscope

31
Q

Define

Magnification

A

How many times bigger the image is when compared to the object

32
Q

Usually,

what is the diameter of a lysosome?

A

400nm

A Level Psychology (26 decks)

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