[🧫] Cell Structure Flashcards

Including... • 1.1 The microscope in cell studies • 1.2 Cells as the basic units of living organisms

1
Q

What is the function of the nucleolus?

A

Nucleolus - site of ribosome production

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2
Q

What is the function of the cell surface membrane?

A

Cell surface membrane - controls the exchange of materials between the internal cell environment and the external cell environment

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3
Q

What is the function of the nuclear envelope?

A

Nuclear envelope - allows
mRNA and ribosomes to move out of the nucleus
and enzymes and signalling molecules to move into the nucleus

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4
Q

What is the function of the nucleus?

A

Nucleus - controls inheritance and cell activities

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5
Q

What is the function of plasmodesmata

(in plant cells only)?

A

allows cytosol and other small molecules to flow directly from cell to cell

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6
Q

What is the function of the cell wall?

A

offers structural support to the cell

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7
Q

What is the function of mitochondria?

A

site of aerobic respiration

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8
Q

What is the function of the Golgi body?

A

Modifies proteins and packages them into lysosomes

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9
Q

Usually,

how thick is the cell wall?

A

100nm thick

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10
Q

Usually,

what is the diameter of the nucleus?

A

diameter: 5 thousand - 20 thousand nm

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11
Q

Usually,

what is the length of the mitochondrion?

A

length: 500 to 1000 nm

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12
Q

Usually,

what is the diameter of an 80S ribosome?

A

eukaryotes: 20-30 nm in diameter

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13
Q

Usually,

what is the diameter of a 70S ribosome?

A

prokaryotes: 20nm in diameter

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14
Q

Usually,

what is the diameter of a microtubule?

A

diameter: 25nm

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15
Q

What is the function of the small, circular mitochondrial DNA?

A

controls mitochondrial replication

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16
Q

What is the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

A

processes and transports proteins made by the ribosomes

17
Q

What is the function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

A

produces, processes, transports and stores lipids, carbohydrates and steroids

18
Q

What is the function of the ribosome?

A

site of protein synthesis

19
Q

What is the function of the lysosome?

A

contains hydrolytic enzymes to break down waste materials

20
Q

What is the function of the centriole?

A

organise spindle fibres during cell division

21
Q

What is the function of the microtubule?

A

makes up the cytoskeleton to provide support and movement of the cell

22
Q

What is the function of the cilia?

A

allows for the movement of substances over the cell surface

23
Q

What is the function of the microvilli?

A

increases the cell surface area for absorption

24
Q

What is the function of the chloroplast?

A

site of photosynthesis and protein synthesis for chloroplast replication and photosynthesis

25
What is the function of the large vacuole in plants?
to support the structure of the cell and store dissolved sugars, mineral salts and amino acids
26
What is the function of the tonoplast of the vacuole?
controls the movement of substances into and out of the vacuole
27
# Usually, how thick is the phospholipid bilayer of the cell surface membrane?
7 - 10nm
28
# Define Resolution
the ability to differentiate between two points that are close together
29
# Define Object
the material put under the microscope
30
# Define Image
The appearance of the object when viewed under the microscope
31
# Define Magnification
How many times bigger the image is when compared to the object
32
# Usually, what is the diameter of a lysosome?
400nm