HW 3 Flashcards
BPA:
a) what is BPA:
b) major sources:
c) regulation:
d) health concerns:
a) bisphenol A
b) Used to make hard plastics and resins
food containers/packaging, reusable water bottles, thermal paper receipts
c) In Canada, baby bottles with polycarbonate can not be sold, imported, manufactured, etc.
Part of the “Chemicals Management Plan”
d) -specifically infants and young children are at risk because of products like baby bottles/ plastic tableware made with BPA
- can impact brain and prostate gland of fetuses & affect behavior in children (can accumulate in adipose tissue / BPA is lipophilic)
- possible link to high blood pressure, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease
EE2:
a) what is EE2:
b) major sources:
c) regulation:
d) health concerns:
a) Ethinylestradiol (EE2)
b) Synthetic estrogen that is widely used in birth control medications. It is also used to treat other hormone-related diseases.
c) In Europe and North America, regulations were established to control the concentration of EE2 in freshwater. However, those standards are set up in concern of human health but not environmental impacts. Today, despite the environmental and ecological impacts, EE2 is still one of the most widely used synthetic steroids.
d) In humans, EE2 is resistant to breakdowns by the liver and has the chance to cause blood clots and liver damage. The remaining is excreted through urine and released into the environment. Study has shown that EE2 can act as an endocrine disruptor and leads to the feminization of male organisms and inbalance of sex ratio in a population
PBDE:
a) what is PBDE:
b) major sources:
c) regulation:
d) health concerns:
a) Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are a class of non-naturally occurring substances that contain similar base structures but vary in attached bromine atoms
b) PBDEs can be used as flame retardants intended to slow the ignition of fires. However, they have been found in many household products (carpet underlay, furniture foam, appliances, textiles, adhesives, coatings and electrical/electron equipment), automobile parts and building materials
c) Banned in US and Canada as of 2008
d) PBDEs can be ingested, inhaled or absorbed through the skin; and although the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has yet to determine the risk of cancer PBDEs pose, there have been different studies showing a definite carcinogenic potential. Studies on rats and mice have found that PBDEs can have neurologic, reproductive, thyroid, immune, pancreatic and hepatic effects on the body. PBDEs also tend to deposit in fat tissue and can accumulate there.
PFOS:
a) what is PFOS:
b) major sources:
c) regulation:
d) health concerns:
a) It stands for Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid. It is an anthropogenic fluorosurfactant
b) PFOS is the key ingredient in a number of stain repellents.
PFOS is also a component of fire-fighting foams.
PFOS is also found in some impregnation agents for textiles, paper, and leather; in wax polishes, paints and so on.
c) Effective December 23, 2016, the Perfluorooctane Sulfonate and its Salts and Certain Other Compounds Regulations (SOR/2008-178) were repealed.
d) PFOS is persistent, bioaccumulative, and toxic to mammalian species. PFOS is known to be hazardous to the liver and thymus, and could have effects on blood chemistry. PFOS could also cause negative growth, survival, and reproductive effects because it has the potential to accumulate in the body due to its extreme stability from the strength of the carbon-fluorine bonds
