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2 AM - Exotics > Husbandry - Rodents > Flashcards

Husbandry - Rodents Flashcards

1
Q

What is a rodent?

A

A mammal with a single pair of continuously growing incisors in each of the uppper and lower jaw

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2
Q

How are rodentts that come into practice are divided into two groups?

A

Small rodents (hamsters, rats, mice, gerbils) & Herbivorous rodents (guinea pigs, chinchillas)

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3
Q

Describe similar attributes of small rodents

A

Myomorph s (mouse-like),
Elodont (open-rooted) incisors,
Anelodont (close-rooted) cheek teeth

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4
Q

Describe similar attributes of herbivorous rodents

A

Hystricomorphs (porcupine-like),
Elodont incisors + cheek teeth,
Hindgut fermenters

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5
Q

Describe the important features of a guinea pig

A

Short legged,
Round bodied,
Hindgut fermentors (gut takes up large portion of internal body space),
Relatively small chest cavity,
Coprophagic

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6
Q

Where does the majority of digestive processes occur in a guinea pig?

A

Colon + Caecum

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7
Q

When should female guinea pigs firsts be bred from

A

6-8 months (12 weeks ideal)

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8
Q

Why are female guines pigs first bred at a young age?

A

Pubic symphysis fuses after ~8 months → dystocia if bred from first time after this

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9
Q

What is the ideal guinea pig daily diet?

A

Ad lib hay + grass,
Small amount of good quality guinea pig-specific pellets,
Handful of leafy greens

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10
Q

What % of each macro should be fed to guinea pigs?

A

12-16% fibre + 18-20% crude protein

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11
Q

What should you avoid when feeding guinea pigs?

A

Careful with fruit (high sufar), Avoid commercial treat + mixes containing nuts & dried fruit

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12
Q

What vit are guinea pigs unable to synthesise?

A

C → required in diet

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13
Q

How much vit C are non-breeding adults require?

A

10mg vit c/kg body weight/day

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14
Q

How much vit C are breeding/lactating pr stressed/ill guinea pig require?

A

50mg vit C/kg body weight/day

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15
Q

How can we ensure that guinea pigs are receiving adequate amounts of vit C?

A

Feed complete (species specific) pelleted diet (don’t ingore use by or best before dates), Offer range of leafy greans, Supplement where necessary

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16
Q

What is the average daily water intake of guinea pigs?

A

100-200 ml/kg

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17
Q

Bottles or Bowls of water of guinea pigs?

A

Better with water bottles compared to rabbits

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18
Q

How should a guinea pig be housed?

A

Highly social - single sex groups/pairs/harems, Stressed easily

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19
Q

What is the ideal temperature for guinea pigs?

A

20-22

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20
Q

What should you consider when creating housing for your guinea pig?

A

Well insualte + draught free, Solid flooring, smooth, easy to clean, Raised off ground outside, Out of direct sunlight (provide shade)

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21
Q

How tall do cages size needs to be for a guiean pig?

A

40cm tall

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22
Q

What substrate should you use for a guinea pig?

A

Wood shavings , Shredder paper

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23
Q

What bedding should you use for a guinea pig?

A

Dust free + absrobent, Shredded paper, Hay/Straw but conreal lacerations are common

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24
Q

Can you describe a chinchilla’s important features?

A

Rounded body,
Large ears,
Short legs,
Long tail,
Dense + soft coat,
Hindgut fermentors (gut takes up large amount of internal body space),
Relatively small chest cavity

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25
Q

Where does the majority of digestive processes occur in a chinchilla?

A

Colon + Caecum

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26
Q

Where are chinchillas origianlly from?

A

Air mountain environment (avoid high levels of humidity)

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27
Q

What would you feed a chinchilla?

A

Grass-based chinchilla pellets (25-50g),
Ad lib fresh good quality hay + dried grass in rack,
Fresh wild plants, herbs, flwoers, berries, roots, shoots + veg,
Introduce changes gradually

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28
Q

What is the mimum mesaurements for a chinchilla’s large secure cage for housing/

A

2m x 2m x 1m

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29
Q

What size should wire mesh be on a chinchillas cage?

A

Max: 15mm x 15xx

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30
Q

What must be placed inside chinchilla housing?

A

Multiple hides/net boxes (avoid plastic), Wooden toyes, branchs + platforms

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31
Q

What substrate should you use for chinchillas?

A

Wood shavings at bottom of cage

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32
Q

What bedding should you use for chinchillas?

A

Shredded paper better than hay/straw

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33
Q

What must you consider when creating a dust bath for chinchillas?

A

Commerically availble dust, essential for coat maintenance, At least 4-6cm deep, Not for neonates

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34
Q

Are chinchillas kept individually?

A

No in paires or harems (1 male to 2-6 females)

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35
Q

What temperature do you keep chinchillas at when indoors?

A

10-15, get agitated at 21, can die >30

36
Q

List the important features of a hamster

A

Generally nocturnal, Large paired cheek pouches for food stotage, Well developed hindgut (caecum + colon)

37
Q

What + Where are specific glands to syrian hamster found?

A

Bilateral pigmented sebaceous glands on flank (more prominent in M)

38
Q

Where is the scent gland found on a russian dwarf?

A

Ventrally

39
Q

Describe the diet of a hamster

A

Commercial hamster food (pellets better than mix (selective feeding),
Small amounts of fresh fruit + veg (apple, pears, carrot, broccoli, parsley, cabbage),
Animal protein (hard-boiled egg, live mealworms/crickets) may be added once/twice per week,
Small amount of Timothy hay

40
Q

Housing considerations for hamsters

A

Escape proof, Safe, Enriched

41
Q

What items should you provide in a hamster enclosure?

A

Itmes to gnaw (branches from untreated fruit tress (not plum or cherry), commercial hamster chews), Areas to burrow and hide

42
Q

Housing for a syrian/golden hamster

A

Solitary, Hibernae at <5, Nocturnal

43
Q

Housing for russian dwarf hamsters

A

Sociable (single sex or mixed pair group)

44
Q

Housing for roborovski + chinese hamsters

A

Single or in Piars/Groups (mature chinese may fight)

45
Q

Important features of rats

A

Elongated body, Long hairless tail, Large rounded ears, Omnivores, Adapted to variety of environments (good ventilation to maintain respiratory health still required)

46
Q

What do you feed rats?

A

Commercial balanced pelleted diet (avoid mixes for selective feeding),
Supplement with small amounts of fruit + veg,
Avoid sugary treats + chocolate = obesity + dental caries

47
Q

How to probvide enrichment for rats regarding their diet?

A

Scatter food to encourage foraging, Hide food/treats

48
Q

Are rats kept indiviudally?

A

No, should be kept as single-sex groups (2 females best as males often right unless castrated) or as breeding pairs/harems

49
Q

How else would you provide enrichment for a rat?

A

Need cage furniture/enrichment,
Ropes, tubes, ladders, hammocks, branches, cardboard rolls + boxes

50
Q

What housing would you give to rats?

A

Good ventilation + Avoid dusty substrated & bedding = pneumonia,
Shredded paper good,
Escape proof + Easy to clean,
Indestructible (very good at gnawing),
Non-toxic plants + sealants

51
Q

How often would you replace bedding in a rat enclosure?

A

2-3x per week to prevent odours

52
Q

Important features of micec

A

Slender body, blunt or tapered tail, prominent ears, Primarily nocturnal in natural environment, Omnivores, Adapted to variets of environments (good vent to maintain resp health)

53
Q

Diet & Housing requierments for mice

A

Similar to rats,
Hiding places very important,
Highly social + Inquisitive,
Distinctive smell

54
Q

Important feautures of Gerbils

A

Slender body, blunt furred tail, small ears, face shape more blunt that mice, Primarily noctunral, Adapted to arid, rocky, scrubland habitats (require good ventilation)

55
Q

Where is the scent gland found on a gerbil?

A

Large gland ventrally, can get infection + tumours occur here

56
Q

Purpose of a harderian gland in gerbils?

A

Secretion mixed with saliva are groomed onto coat + help with thermoregulation

57
Q

What causes hypersecretion of porphyrin pigment + What can this lead to?

A

Stress from overcrowding/high humdity lead to nasa dermatitis

58
Q

What would you feed a gerbil?

A

Commercial pelleted diet/Roden seed-based mixed,
Supplement with a small amount of fresh fruit + vet (apple, carrot),
Occasional treats (dried pumpkin seeds),
Scatter = foraging

59
Q

What is the average daily water intake of gerbils?

A

2-4ml/100g body weight

60
Q

Ideal housing for gerbils

A

Glass/Plastic tank with deep substrate to burrow (sawdust, peat, paper by products) with a close-fitting mesh lid, or, Modular unit with chambes + Plastic tunnels with deep sustrave in main chaber with paper-based bedding and enrichment toyes

61
Q

Where should you place your enclosure for your gerbils?

A

Out of direct sunligt, Away from radiaotors

62
Q

What additional thing you must provide along with your gerbil enclosure?

A

Sand/dust bath (chinchilla dust suitable) for coat quality + thermoregulation

63
Q

Ideal temperature for gerbils

A

20-22

64
Q

Ideal humididty for gerbils

A

<50%

65
Q

Are gerbils housed individually?

A

Social animals, Highly territorial - keep as single sex pairs/groups (intro before puberty) or breeding pairs, Likely to fight if intro after 10 weeks of age

66
Q

Can you label the arrows & sex this gerbil?

A
67
Q

Can you label the arrows & sex this gerbil?

A
68
Q

Can you sex this rat?

A

Adult female

69
Q

Can you sex this rat?

A

Adult male

70
Q

What type of rat is this?

A

Hooded - colour pattern

71
Q

What type of rat is this?

A

Dumbo

72
Q

Can you label this hamster + sex it?

A

Testes + Anus (More ventrally)
Male

73
Q

Can you label this hamster + sex it?

A

Anus
Female

74
Q

What is this arrow pointing at?

A

Ventral scent gland

75
Q

What are the darker patches on the sides of the syrian hamster?

A

Pigmented sebaceous gland

76
Q

What type of hamster is this?

A

Golden/Syrian

77
Q

What type of hamster is this?

A

Chinese

78
Q

What type of hamster is this?

A

Roborovski

79
Q

What type of hamster is this?

A

Russian

80
Q

Can you sex this chinchilla?

A

Male

81
Q

Can you sex this chinchilla?

A

Female

82
Q

Can you label + sex this guinea pig?

A
83
Q

Can you sex this guinea pig?

A

Female (Sow)

84
Q

Label A, B + C & Sex the mouse

A

A - Anus
B - Scrotal sac
C - Penile shaft
Buck - Male

85
Q

Label A, B + C & Sex the mouse

A

A - Anus
B - Vaginal orifice
C - Urethral orifice
Doe - Female

2 AM - Exotics (10 decks)

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