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2 AM - Exotics > Avian Husbandry - Parrots > Flashcards

Avian Husbandry - Parrots Flashcards

1
Q

Can you list the reasons why birds are commonly kept?

A

Pets, Sports, Zoos, Farms

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2
Q

List the general points of a parrot

A

10-3Kgs,
Large heads,
Hooked beaks,
Zyogdactyle feet,
Good climbers,
Intelligent (behavioural problems & noisy),
Social (live in flocks),
From warm & tropical regions,
Prey species with altrical young

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3
Q

What are some of the problems you ecounter when keeping parrots?

A

Inappropraite pair bonding with owners (common in hand-reared parrots),
- Avoid feedng mouth to mouth,
- Avoid stroking lower back, belly & inner leg,
Average lifespan is short due to poor husbandry (esp diet)

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4
Q

What is a common zoonotic disease in parrots?

A

Chlamydia psittaci

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5
Q

Can you list the commonly kept parrot species?

A

Budgerigars,
Cockatiels,
Lovebirds,
African Grey,
Eclectus,
Amazons,
Cockatoos, Macaws

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6
Q

When do budgerigar reached sexual matuiry?

A

6 months

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7
Q

Lifespan of budgerigar

A

18 years (pet birds 5-6 years)

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8
Q

Describe budgerigars as pets

A

Good,
Kept in large groups,
Wild diet predominantly seeds - obesity common,
Cnemidocepts mits & neoplasia common

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9
Q

When do cockatiels reach sexual matuirity?

A

6-2 months

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10
Q

Lifepsan of a cockatiel

A

30 but captivity 6-7 years

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11
Q

How do you sex a cockatiel?

A

Males - brighter cheek patches,
Female - Bards underneath tail & flight feathers

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12
Q

Body weight of a cockatiel

A

80-125g

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13
Q

Describe cockatiels as pets

A

Good pets,
Males better singers,
Colour mutations

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14
Q

How many species of lovebirds are there?

A

9

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15
Q

When do loverbirds reach sexual matuiry?

A

8-12 months

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16
Q

Lifepspan of lovebirds

A

12 but 4 years in captivity

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17
Q

Body weight of a lovebird

A

35-55g

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18
Q

Do they maky good pets?

A

Noisy - can be aggressive

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19
Q

When do aftican greys reach sxual matuiry?

A

3-5 years

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20
Q

How can you tell the differences between young and mature african greys?

A

Young - dark eyes, Adults - yellow eyes

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21
Q

Lifespan of african greys

A

50 years byt 15-20 in captivity

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22
Q

Body weight of african grey

A

450-500g

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23
Q

Why do some african grey have a red tail?

A

Sub-species: Timneh these are smaller (330-350g)

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24
Q

Do african grey make good pets?

A

Popular, Good talkers, Intelligence of 3-5 year old child

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25
Q

When do eclectus reach sexual maturity?

A

3-6 years

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26
Q

Lifespan of electus

A

20 years but 8-10 in captivity

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27
Q

How do you sex a electus?

A

Males - Green, Females - Red

28
Q

Body weight of electus

A

400-450g

29
Q

Do eclectus make good pets?

A

Females can be aggressve

30
Q

How many speices of amazon parrots are there?

A

30 species of green parrot

31
Q

When do amazon parrots reach sexual matuiry?

A

4-6 years

32
Q

Lifespan of amazon parrots

A

60 years but 15-20 in captivty

33
Q

Body weight of an amazon parrot

A

350-600g

34
Q

Do amazon parrots make good pets?

A

Excellent talkers, Very destructive to funture, Prone to obesity

35
Q

How many species of cockatoos are there?

A

20

36
Q

When do cockatoos reach sexual matuirity?

A

1-6 years

37
Q

Lifepsan of a cockatoo

A

60 years but 15-20 in captivty

38
Q

How can you sex a cockatoo?

A

Males - Black Iris, Females - Red/Brown iris

39
Q

Body weight of a cockatoo

A

350-1100g

40
Q

Do cockatoos make good pets?

A

Loud & Destructive, Hand-reared = seviour behavioural problems, Mate aggression common, Produce lots of powder down

41
Q

When do macaws reach sexual matuirty?

A

3-7 years

42
Q

Lifespan of macaws

A

50 years byt 15-20 in captivity

43
Q

Body weight of a macaw

A

200-1700g

44
Q

How do you sex budgies?

A

Males have a blue cere, Famles are brown

45
Q

How do you sex a ringneck parakeet?

A

Males have ring

46
Q

If there is no visual differences between sexes, what do you do?

A

DNA sexing from blood or feather, Endoscopic sexing

47
Q

How are kept parrots identified?

A

Rings on tarsometatarsus & Microchipped in left pectoral muscle, caudal third

48
Q

Different rings birds can have

A

Close - applied when chick,
Open/Split - applied any time,
Females - Left,
Males - Right

49
Q

Handling parrots

A

Windows & Doors closed,
Restrain head,
Handle in towel or cloth with one hand around head and the other around weeks with the feet in the towel,
No restriction of sternal movements (as no diaphragm = suffocate),
Avoid prolonged dorsal recumbency,
Budgies can be ringer grip with one hand and head between first two fingers

50
Q

Indoor Cages - Housing

A

Cages - large as possible & must allow bird to extend & stretch wing (W&C Act 1981),
Stainless steel or Powder coated (no galvanised wire as zinc is toxic),
Horizontal bards for climbing,
Easily cleaned,
Place in corner for security (Prey), separate activty, foragaing centre and gym

51
Q

Aviaries

A

Can be kept in all year around,
Mesh cannot allow head to go through,
Shetler & Some require heating

52
Q

Aviaries & Breeding birds

A

Adjacent flights for breeding pairs should be double-wired or separated by vegetation,
Budgies & Cockatiels - Avaries with multiple nest boxes for groups or rows of breeding cages for individual pairs

53
Q

Suspended aviaries

A

Allow droppings to fall through,
Not easy to catch birds or replace perches

54
Q

Substrate for aviaries

A

Parakeets like foraging on ground but soil substrate increase risk of worms.
Solid pavings or concrete floors prevent rodents burrowing in

55
Q

Perches

A

Natural branches from non-toxic trees,
Variable diameters,
Enjoy chewing them,
Wash & Renew regularly,
Knotted cotton, sisal ropes & swings are good (no nylon),
Sandpaper, therapeutic, plastic or dowel uniform perches can cause bumblefoot

56
Q

Enrichment

A

Bathing or Misting is essential,
Foraging Important,
Provide food in a form that requires ‘work’,
Non-toxic branches

57
Q

Toys

A

Change & Rotate regularly,
Chewing toys - avoid rubber or plastic, instead destructible items like cardboard, pine cones and rawhide,
Climbing toys,
Mirrors for companionship but can stimulate sexual behaviour

58
Q

Lighting

A

12-hour day/night cycle,
Bright indirect light,
UV important for synthesis of vit D (esp in African greys) - Natural sunlight best if not indoor birds need full spectrum tube to provide UVA & UVB

59
Q

List the different types of Diet & Nutrtions

A

Granivores (Budgies & Cockatiels),
Frugivres (Amazon),
Florivores (African grey),
Omnivores (Cockatoo)
Nectarivores (Lories & Lorikeets)

60
Q

Diet

A

Seed-based most commonly fed - common cause of disease & reduce lifespan,
Fresh water always available,
Calcium supplementation important for egg-laying females,
Grit not necessary but canbe given to small species (can be harmful)

61
Q

Seed-base Diet

A

All-seed (sunflower)/peanut diets are: high in fat & calories, Deficient in vit A, D3, B12 & calcium, iodin & amino acids, poor calcium:phosphorus ration,

62
Q

Downside of a seed-base diet

A

Often poor quaility & Contaminated with fungal spores, Improper storage = Contamination of aflatoxins, Encourages selectivbe feed & Difficult to supplement, Coating on seeds are devauled if dejusked when consumed

63
Q

When can seed-base diets lead to?

A

Respiratory disease,
Oral disease,
Poor feathers & skin quality,
Chronic infection,
Obesity,
Hepatic lipidosis,
Atherosclerosis,
Metabolic disease,
Poor repro & egg binding,
Goitre (voice change)

64
Q

Pelleted Diet

A

Complete balance formulated diets recommended - prevent selective feeding, species specific, fruit & veg for enrichment, ideal for weaning

65
Q

How to convert a see junkie parrot

A

Mix pellets with seeds & gradually reduce % of seeds, limit time seeds offered, place pellets on mirror, disguise pellets (peanut butter), Offer from owners plate, Hospitilaise bird

66
Q

Home Made diets

A

Possible but difficult, Birds must eat it all, 60% varied grains, 25% beans cooked or sprouted pulses, 10% greens, veg & 5% fruit, 33%cooked brown rice, 33% cooked pulses & sprouted seeds, 33% veg & fruit, Avoid over-supplemenation

67
Q

Household hazards

A

Teflon fumes (non-stick pans), Heavy metal objrcts, Fans, Salt, Chocolate, Avocado, Milk & Alcohol

2 AM - Exotics (10 decks)

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