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Year 10 > HUms Semi 2 > Flashcards

HUms Semi 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Environment?

A

the significance of the environment in a living thing’s life

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2
Q

What is urban sprawl?

A

Spreading of urban developments into areas on the city boundary

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3
Q

What are some examples of fossil fuels?

A
  • coal
  • oil
  • gas
  • petrol
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4
Q

What is weather?

A

the current state of the atmosphere

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5
Q

Interconnection?

A

how all things in a place are connected and work together

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6
Q

How do fossil duels impact climate change?

A

when they are burned they release large amounts of CO2 which gets trapped

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7
Q

What is wellbeing?

A

a good or satisfactory condition of exsistence

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8
Q

Why are sea levels rising?

A
  • land-based ice is melting
  • seas are getting hotter and expanding
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9
Q

What is a qualitative indicator?

A

subjective measures that cannot be easily measured

feeling

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10
Q

What is urbanisation?

A

the increase in people living in cities

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11
Q

Why are people moving from developing areas to developed areas?

A
  • in search for work
  • join family
  • study
  • better services
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12
Q

What are non-renewable energy sources?

A
  • oil
  • natural gas
  • coal
  • nuclear energy
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13
Q

What are wellbeing indicators?

A
  • health
  • happiness
  • prosperity
  • welfare
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14
Q

How to reduce an ecological footprint?

A
  • reduce our carbon emitions and environemtnal harm
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15
Q

What are push factors?

A

something that makes people want to leave a place

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16
Q

What did the Kyoto protocol do?

A

set targets to reduce greenhouse gases

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17
Q

Are fossil fuels renewable or non renewable?

A

non-renewable

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18
Q

Why are fossil fuels causing problems to our envionment?

A

We are using too much and releasing so much CO2 the earth cannot keep up

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19
Q

What is emission trading?

A

lowering emissions using tradable permits

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20
Q

What are fossil fuels?

A

generic term for non renewable energy sources

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21
Q

What country has the highest population in the world?

A

India

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22
Q

What is the enhanced greenhouse gas effect?

A

increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases in the Earth’s atmosphere adding to global warming

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23
Q

What is absolute poverty?

A

a state of living when income levels are inadequate to enjoy a minimum of standard of living

poverty measured against a standard

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24
Q

What is the most recent international agreement on climate change?

A

The Paris Agreement

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25
Q

How does human activity affect the enhanced greenhouse gas effect?

A

Humans are emitting more greenhouse gases than the world can process thus its nots able to properly escape the earths atmosphere and is stuck warming the earth

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26
Q

By how much are urbanisation levels increasing?

A

slightly

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27
Q

What are challenges all countries face due to urbanisation?

A
  • poor air and water
  • not enough water
  • waste disposal problems
  • high energy consumption
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28
Q

What is Health Development Index?

A

index that measures standard of living and wellbeing by measuring life expectancy, education and income levels

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29
Q

What are the downsides of urban sprawl?

A

harm to environment

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30
Q

What are pull factors?

A

something that attracts people to a place

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31
Q

What is gross domestic product?

A

the value of all goods and services produced by a country in a given period

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32
Q

What is the biosphere?

A

all living things on earth

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33
Q

What is the impact of the enhanced greenhouse gas affect on the environment?

A
  • changes in global rainfall
  • extreme weather events
  • increase in sea level
34
Q

What is Gross National Happiness?

A

GNH - is an index that aims to measure happiness by combining scores of
-ecological sustainability
- freedom
- sustainable development
- good and fair governance

35
Q

What is urban renewal?

A

redevelopment of old urban areas including modernisations of household interiors

36
Q

What is economic downturn?

A

a downturn in economic activity

includes unemployment and decreased consumer spending

37
Q

What are the 5 main different effects of global warming?

A

more drought
higher temperatures
sea level rise
heavier rainfall
less snow cover

38
Q

What are the effects of climate change?

A
  • higher temperature
  • more flooding
  • higher rainfall
  • higher sea levels
39
Q

What can we do to reduce climate change at a national level?

A
  • construction of solar power plants
40
Q

What human factors led to urban decline?

A
  • war/conflict
  • economic downturn
41
Q

What are examples of greenhouse gas?

A

carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide

42
Q

What are greenhouse gases?

A

Gases in the earths atmosphere that are able to trap heat

43
Q

What are positive impacts on wellbeing in regional and remote areas?

A
  • high cohesion
  • high participation
  • high volunteering
44
Q

What causes global warming?

A

climate change

45
Q

Scale?

A

geographical phenomena and problems can be explained at different levels such as local, regional, nation or global

46
Q

How can we reduce urbanisation challenges?

A
  • improving public transport
  • reducing waste and recycling
47
Q

What is urban infilling?

A

The division of larger house sites into multiple sites for new homes

48
Q

Place?

A

the significance of a place and the meaning behind it

49
Q

How has Australia’s climate changed over time?

A

Heavier and more intense rainfall and longer fire season.

50
Q

What are negatives of using gross domestic product?

A
  • income inequality not shown
  • sustainable growth rate not shown
  • doesn’t include non-market transactions
51
Q

What causes the greenhouse effect?

A

gases being trapped

52
Q

What is the rural-urban fringe?

A

the transition zone where rural and urban areas meet

53
Q

What is a cities impact on environment?

A
  • deforestation
  • habitat loss
  • extraction of freshwater
  • decreasing of biodiversity
54
Q

What can we do to reduce climate change at a personal level?

A
  • save energy
  • walk or bike
  • eat vegetables
  • install solar panels
55
Q

What is the difference between weather and climate change?

A

weather is the current state of the atmosphere and climate change is the change in the earth’s climate over time

56
Q

What is an urban environment?

A

a region in or surrouding a city

the human built structures or spaces

57
Q

Why do Indigenous people have lower levels of wellbeing?

A
  • widespread grief and loss
  • displacement of people
  • loss of land
58
Q

What are examples of megacities?

A
  • Shanghai
  • Tokyo
  • Delhi
59
Q

What are the impacts of urban growth?

A

inadequate housing, poverty and crime

60
Q

What is global warming?

A

observable rise in the earth’s atmospheric temperatures due to the enhanced greenhouse effect

61
Q

What is the poorest region on earth?

A

sub-saharan africa

62
Q

What is relative poverty?

A

income levels are relatively too low to enjoy a reasonable standard of living in that society

poverty in relation to average lifestyle in society

63
Q

What are negative impacts on wellbeing in regional and remote areas?

A
  • higher death/injury rates
  • poor access to services
  • socioeconomic disadvantages
64
Q

What is climate change?

A

any change in climate over time both natural and human

65
Q

What are the United Nations’ Millennium sustainable development goals?

A
  • no poverty
  • no hunger
  • good health/wellbeing
  • quality education
  • gender equality
  • clean water and sanitation
  • affordable and clean energy
  • good work and economic growth
  • industry innovationinfrastructure
  • reduced inequalities
  • sustainable cities
  • reason consumption/production
  • climate action
  • life below water
  • life on land
  • peace and justice
  • partnerships
66
Q

What is a megacity?

A

a settlement of 10 million or more

67
Q

What is a quantitate indicator?

A

objective indices that are easily measured and can be stated numerically

life expectancy

68
Q

What is socioeconomic?

A

combination of social and economic factors

69
Q

What is the difference between relative and absolute poverty?

A

absolute poverty is poverty so low you cannot enjoy the minimum standard of living, whereas relative poverty is being poor in comparison to those around you

70
Q

What are the effects of changes on the rural-urban fringe?

A
  • cost of infrastructure
  • loss of fertile farmland
  • loss of greenspace
71
Q

What is an ecological footprint?

A

a measure of human demand on the earth

land, food, water, transport, housing

72
Q

What is the hydrosphere?

A

all water on earth

73
Q

What is the difference between regional, remote and urban communities?

A
  • regional areas are areas outside of towns and cities
  • remote areas are places considerably secluded from civilisation
  • urban areas include within city and the surrounding areas
74
Q

Space?

A

the physical location and its features

75
Q

What can we do to reduce climate change at a international level?

A
  • punish countries that don’t reduce pollution
76
Q

What is the Kyoto Protocol?

A

internationally agreed to set of rules developed by the UN to reduce climate change by stabilising greenhouse gas emissions

77
Q

What environmental factors led to urban decline?

A
  • tsunami
  • volcano eruption
78
Q

What are renewable energy sources?

A
  • sunlight/solar
  • water
  • wind
79
Q

Why is India’s life expectancy so high?

A
  • ## better education
80
Q

What changes are happening on the rural-urban fringe?

A
  • old farmland is being sold
  • new industrial sites are being built

Year 10 (15 decks)

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