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Immunology > Humoral Immunity (Exam 2) > Flashcards

Humoral Immunity (Exam 2) Flashcards

1
Q

(T/F) All antibody isotypes have the function to neutralize microbes and toxins.

A

True

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2
Q

What are the 3 ways antibodies can neutralize microbes and toxins?

A
  1. block microbe from getting through epithelial barrier
  2. block microbe binding to host cell
  3. block toxin from binding to cell receptor
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3
Q

List the 5 antibody isotypes.

A

IgG
IgA
IgM
IgE
IgD

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4
Q

What is the major function of IgM?

A

activate complement (classical pathway)

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5
Q

List the 5 major functions of IgG.

A
  1. opsonization + phagocytosis
  2. activate complement (classical path)
  3. cytotoxicity (NK cells)
  4. neonatal immunity
  5. feedback inhibition of B cell activation
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6
Q

What is the major function of IgA

A
  1. mucosal immunity (GI + respiratory)
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7
Q

Where does IgA function to neutralize microbes?

A

in lumen of mucosal organs

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8
Q

What are the 2 major functions of IgE?

A
  1. helminth defense
  2. mast cell degranulation
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9
Q

What is the function of IgD?

A

functions as antigen receptor on B cells (not well known)

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10
Q

_____ receptors are proteins on cell surfaces that recognize specific ____ regions on antibodies to help with immune response.

A

Fc
Fc (constant)

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11
Q

(T/F) Free or circulating antibodies are activated by Fc receptors.

A

False - antigen-bound

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12
Q

What two antibody isotypes are involved in the two major types of antibody dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity?

A

IgG
IgE

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13
Q

In the IgG cytotoxicity process, Fc regions on IgG are recognized by _____ receptor on ______ cells which kills antibody-coated cells.

A

Fcy (gamma)
NK cells

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14
Q

In IgE cytotoxicity process, IgE binds to _______ and Fc regions on IgE are recognized by ____ receptor on _______ which cause death when they release granules.

A

helminth parasites
Fce (epsilon)
eosinophils

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15
Q

What are the 3 complement pathways?

A
  1. classical
  2. alternative
  3. lectin
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16
Q

How is the classical complement pathway activated?

A

when antibody binds to antigen (IgG + IgM)

17
Q

How is the alternative complement pathway activated?

A

on microbial cell surface w/o antibody

18
Q

How is lectin complement pathway activated?

A

plasma lectin binds to mannose receptors on microbe surface

19
Q

What are the C3 convertases for each complement pathway?

A

classical & lectin: C4b + 2a
alternative: C3b + Bb

20
Q

Why does soluble IgG not activate complement?

A

only has one Fc region

21
Q

What must occur for IgG to activate complement?

A

must bind to cell surface (then adjacent IgG Fc regions can bind complement)

22
Q

(T/F) Both soluble IgM and IgA cannot activate complement.

A

False- IgM + IgG cannot

23
Q

Why can soluble IgM not activate complement?

A

Fc regions are pentameric so not accessible to complement

24
Q

What must occur for soluble IgM to activate complement?

A

binds to cell surface and then can change conformation

25
Q

What does MAC stand for?

A

membrane attack complex

26
Q

What is Membrane Attack Complex?

A

protein complex (of different complements) that can lyse cells

27
Q

MAC is the (first/last) step in complement activation.

A

Last

28
Q

Which complements (in order of formation) bind together to form MAC?

A

C5b, C6, C7, C8, C9

29
Q

List the 3 major functions of complement.

A
  1. opsonization + phagocytosis
  2. inflammation
  3. cytolysis
30
Q

In terms of complement’s function to opsonize and phagocytize microbes: cell -bound ______ is an opsonin which promotes phagocytosis of coated cells.

A

C3b

31
Q

What 3 proteolytic products stimulate leukocyte recruitment and inflammation (one of the functions of complement)?

A

C5a, C3a, C4a

32
Q

One function of complement is cytolysis via ________.

A

MAC (membrane attack complex)

33
Q

_____ is transported through epithelial cells to neutralize microbes before they invade the epithelium.

A

IgA

34
Q

IgA binds to ______ receptor and then is transported through the epithelial cell. Proteolytic cleavage occurs which allows it to become released into the lumen.

A

Poly-Ig

Immunology (17 decks)

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