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Immunology > General Properties (Exam 1) > Flashcards

General Properties (Exam 1) Flashcards

1
Q

Primary purpose of immune system

A

protection against infection agents (microbes)

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2
Q

What does immunity depend on?

A

immunologic memory (unaffected when exposed again)

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3
Q

What 3 people were responsible for the germ theory?

A

Koch
Pasteur
Von Behring

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4
Q

Who was responsible for using attenuated organisms to vaccinate animals?

A

Pasteur

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5
Q

Match innate and adaptive immunity to each:

  1. rapid response / slow response
  2. memory / no memory
  3. specific recognition / non-specific
A

Innate: rapid, no memory, non-specific
Adaptive: slow, memory, specific

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6
Q

List the cells that make up innate immunity. (4)

A

phagocytic cells
dendritic cells
mast cells
natural killer cells

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7
Q

Which cells make up the adaptive immunity?

A

B and T lymphocytes

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8
Q

Term for part of antigen that is recognized by lymphocytes

A

epitope

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9
Q

Term for foreign substance that causes immune response

A

antigen

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10
Q

Term for amount of distinct antigenic determinants of an individual’s immune system

A

lymphocyte repertoire

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11
Q

How many distinct antigenic determinants are estimated to be in an individual’s lymphocyte repertoire?

A

10^7 to 10^9

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12
Q

The initial response of the immune system is called ___________ while when B cells are exposed a second time, this response is called _______________.

A

primary immune response
secondary immune response

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13
Q

What is clonal selection?

A

selection of lymphocyte that is specific to an antigen that can form a response

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14
Q

What is clonal expansion?

A

proliferation of a selected lymphocyte during antigen exposure

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15
Q

Term for receptors on innate cells that look for specific things on an antigen and respond to them

A

pattern recognition receptors

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16
Q

What are sentinel cells?

A

cells that first mediate innate immunity

17
Q

Where are sentinel cells located?

A

under epithelial layer (to respond immediately to microbe exposure)

18
Q

What 3 types of cells are considered “sentinel cells”?

A
  1. mast cells
  2. macrophages
  3. dendritic cells
19
Q

Function of mast cells and macrophages

A

induce inflammatory response

20
Q

Function of dendritic cells

A

carry antigen to nearest lymph node and sample/present antigen

21
Q

_______ immunity is mediated by B cells, while _______ immunity is mediated by T cells.

A

humoral
cell-mediated

22
Q

B cells make antibody which effects ________ microbes and their toxins, while T cells are effective against __________ microbes.

A

extracellular
intracellular

23
Q

What are APCs? Why are they needed?

A

antigen-presenting cells
T cells require antigen presentation to respond

24
Q

B cells secrete antibodies right away which can result in what 3 processes?

A
  1. complement activation
  2. phagocytosis
  3. neutralization of microbe
25
Q

What 2 things can B cells turn into when exposed to antigen?

A
  1. plasma cells
  2. B memory cells
26
Q

T cells only recognize _______ of microbes and when activated will develop into _________.

A

protein
helper T cells

27
Q

Function of Helper T cells

A

secrete cytokines to activate phagocytes which kill microbes

28
Q

What cell type kills infected cells with specific antigen when activated?

A

cytotoxic T cells

29
Q

Function of regulatory T cells

A

regulate other T cells by turning them off (suppress effect to keep them in check)

30
Q

What is the difference between active and passive immunity?

A

active: from exposure to antigen; specific but HAS memory

passive: from serum transfer of immunized individual; specific but NO memory

31
Q

What is another name for passive immunity?

A

adoptive transfer

32
Q

What is a naive cell?

A

cell that has not been exposed to antigen yet so has no immune function

33
Q

What is the only cell that can activate a naive T cell?

A

dendritic cell

34
Q

Term for getting rid of cells made by immune system once antigens are elminated

A

contraction

Immunology (17 decks)

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