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Immunology > Cells & Tissues (Exam 1) > Flashcards

Cells & Tissues (Exam 1) Flashcards

1
Q

Process of differentiation/formation of red and white blood cells in bone marrow

A

hematopoiesis

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2
Q

What are the 2 types of leukocyte progenitor cells?

A

myeloid progenitor cells
lymphoid progenitor cells

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3
Q

List the 5 types of myeloid progenitor cells

A
  1. erythrocytes (RBCs)
  2. monocytes
  3. granulocytes
  4. megakaryocytes
  5. dendritic cells
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4
Q

What 4 cells are considered granulocytes (myeloid origin)?

A
  1. neutrophil
  2. eosinophil
  3. basophil
  4. mast cell
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5
Q

What are the 3 cell types that come from lymphoid progenitor cells?

A
  1. B lymphocytes
  2. T lymphocytes
  3. natural killer (NK) cells
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6
Q

Function of neutrophils

A

direct harm to pathogens via granules; inflammation

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7
Q

Function of basophils & mast cells

A

inflammation + allergies

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8
Q

Function of eosinophils

A

antiviral/antiparasitic activity

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9
Q

Monocytes are from _______ progenitor cells and become _______ once migrating into the tissues.

A

myeloid
macrophages

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10
Q

Function of monocytes

A

repair, destroy pathogens, present antigens

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11
Q

(T/F) Tissue-resident macrophages come from the bone marrow.

A

False

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12
Q

Where do tissue-resident macophages come from?

A

fetal yolk sac or fetal liver

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13
Q

What cells give rise to the development of all RBCs and WBCs?

A

pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells

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14
Q

(Neutrophils/macrophages) rapidly ingest microbes while (neutrophils/macrophages) slowly ingest them.

A

neutrophils
macrophages

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15
Q

While tissue-resident macrophages are from the fetal yolk sac or fetal liver, other macrophages are from _________.

A

bone marrow

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16
Q

Neutrophil lifespan vs. Macrophages lifespan (inflammatory & tissue)

A

neutrophil: 1-2 days
macrophages:
inflammatory- days or weeks
tissue-resident- years

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17
Q

(Macrophages/neutrophils) have prominent reactive oxygen species while the other is less prominent.

A

neutrophils

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18
Q

________ have low levels to no nitric oxide while _______ have high levels.

A

neutrophils
macrophages

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19
Q

(T/F) Macrophages undergo prominent degranulation.

A

False - neutrophils (not prominent in macrophages)

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20
Q

______ production is low in neutrophils and prominent in macrophages.

A

cytokine

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21
Q

Neutrophils extrude their DNA in a processed called:

A

NET formation

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22
Q

What form of cell death do macrophages undergo?

A

pyroptosis

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23
Q

Which cell types make up phagocytic cells?

A

neutrophils + macrophages

24
Q

What are 2 functions of phagocytic cells?

A
  1. take up & destroy microbes
  2. induce healing of damaged tissue
25
Q

What are the 4 main types of dendritic cells?

A
  1. classical DC
  2. plasmacytoid DC
  3. monocyte-derived DC
  4. langerhans cells
26
Q

What are the 2 types of classical DC cells?

A

cDC1
cDC2

27
Q

Match each dendritic cell type to whether its immunity is innate, adaptive, or both:

  1. cDC1
  2. cDC2
  3. plasmacytoid
  4. monocyte-derived
  5. langerhans
A
  1. adaptive
  2. both
  3. innate
  4. innate
  5. both
28
Q

2 functions of cDC1 dendritic cells

A
  1. capture and cross-present antigens to CD8+ T cells
  2. induce Th1 responses
29
Q

cDC2 dendritic cells are also known as what? (2)

A

helper T cells or CD4 cells

30
Q

Function of plasmacytoid dendritic cells. What do they release?

A

antiviral immunity
release type I interferons

31
Q

Function of monocyte-derived dendritic cells

A

source of inflammatory cytokines

32
Q

What is the innate function of cDC2 dendritic cells? Adaptive function?

A

innate: source of inflammatory source
adaptive: capture & present antigen to CD4+ T cells)

33
Q

What is the innate function of Langerhans cells? Adaptive?

A

innate: inflammatory cytokine source
adaptive: capture & present antigen to CD4+ T cells

34
Q

Term for cell membrane proteins on cell surface which help to ID cells of the immune system

A

clusters of differentiation

35
Q

List the 5 main classes of lymphocytes

A
  1. ab T lymphocytes
  2. gd T lymphocytes
  3. B lymphocytes
  4. NK cells
  5. NKT cells
36
Q

What are the 3 subgroups of ab T lymphocytes?

A

CD4+ Helper T cells
CD8+ Cytotoxic T cells
regulatory T cells

37
Q

What are the CD markers for CD4+ Helper T cells?

A

CD3+
CD4+
CD8-

38
Q

What are the CD markers for CD8+ Cytotoxic T cells?

A

CD3+
CD4-
CD8+

39
Q

What are the CD markers for regulatory T cells?

A

CD3+
CD4+
CD25+

40
Q

What are the CD markers for gd T lymphocytes?

A

CD3+
CD4
CD8

41
Q

What are the CD markers for B lymphocytes?

A

Fc receptors
class II MHC
CD19
CD21

42
Q

What are the NK cell CD markers?

A

CD16 (Fc receptors for IgG)

43
Q

What are the NKT cell CD markers?

A

CD16 (Fc receptor for IgG)
CD3

44
Q

Difference between primary lymphoid vs. secondary lymphoid organ

A

primary: where lymphocytes develop
secondary: where lymphocytes become activated

45
Q

MALT stands for _________ and is an example of a (primary/secondary) lymphoid organ.

A

mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue
secondary

46
Q

Where do lymphocytes mature?

A

primary lymphoid organs

47
Q

Thymus is a site for ____ cell maturation.

A

T cell

48
Q

Term for immature T cells in thymus

A

thymocytes

49
Q

In the lymph node, B and T cells are separated by ________.

A

microenvironments

50
Q

Within the lymph node, B cells reside in the _______ and T cells reside in the _______.

A

cortex
paracortex

51
Q

How are antigens delivered to lymph nodes?

A

antigens enter via dendritic cells through afferent lymphatic vessels

52
Q

The spleen is the first defense against what?

A

bloodborne pathogens

53
Q

Main function of spleen

A

filter for blood

54
Q

Spleen filters the blood by removing damaged _______ and _______ microbes.

A

blood cells
opsonized

55
Q

Within the spleen, WBCs are present in the ______ while RBCs are in the ________.

A

white pulp
red pulp

56
Q

_________ is the region of macrophages and B cells that border the white pulp.

A

marginal zone

Immunology (17 decks)

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