Human sexuality Flashcards
What is genderlects
Coined by Deborah tannen, this term refers to the fundamental differences between the way men and women communicate.
Men-report
Women-rapport
Rapport vs report
Rapport- talk which establishes relationships and connections
Report- talk which impart knowledge
The two communication skills
Effectively oriented communication skils- comforting and involve a significant amount of listening
Instrumentally oriented communication skills- more persuasive and narrative
Low context culture vs high context culture
Low context- uses language to express thoughts, and feelings as directly as possible
High context- relies heavily on subtle and nobsrval cues in its communication
Important components in sexual communication
Positive self image
Self disclosure
Trust
Nonverbal Communication
Nonconstructive communication
Overgeneralizations- making statements that tend to exaggerate a particular issue
Name calling
Overkill- in which one person threatens the worst but doesn’t mean what they say
Conversation techniques that benefit a relationship
Active listening and nondefensive listening
Define vulva
The collective designation for the external genitalia of the female
made up of the following: mans veneris, labia majora and minora, the vestibule, the perineum, and clitoris
Define g spot
A structure that is said to lie on the Anterior (front) wall of the vagina and is reputed to be the seat of sexual pleasure
Define hymen
A thin fold of vascularity mucous membrane at the vaginal opening
Define Pre ejaculate fluid
a clear, mucus-like liquid that appears at the tip of the penis during sexual excitement. It is produced by the Cowper’s gland
Define perineum
Area between the vagina and the anus.
Define PIV
Penis-in-Vagina sex
What’s the function of the epididymis
Holds sperms during maturation; takes about 10 to 14 days
Reabsorps old and faulty sperms
What is the function of the van deferens
Carries sperms from the testicles, mixes it with other fluids from other glands and propels the sperms toward the urethra during ejaculation
What is the function of cowpers glands
Have ducts that open right into the urethra and produce a fluid that cleans and lubricated the urethra for the passage of sperm
What is the function of the ovaries
Female gonads that produce ova and sex hormones.
What is the function of the cervix
the cervix connects the vagina to the uterus. The hole is big enough to let sperm through into the uterus. Menstrual blood leaves the uterus through the cervix as well.
The cervix is also a sort of “roof” to your vagina and keeps tampons and other objects from getting lost in your body.
What is the function of the fimbriae
During ovulation, the fimbriae extend toward the ovaries and catch the released egg. The fimbriae then sweep the egg into the fallopian tube, where it can be fertilized.
The three goals of communication
- getting the job done
- maintaining the relationship
- managing our identity
benefits of good communication
an integral part of all healthy relationships, and couples who know how to communicate with each other are happier, more satisfied, and have a better chance of making their relationship last.
john Gottman’s research
a study done by John Gottman and colleagues found that same-sex couples were more positive than heterosexual couples when discussing areas of conflict in their relationships. Gottman believed this positivity could be due to the fact that same-sex couples tend to value equality more than heterosexual couples.
Future of sex
Instead of focusing primarily on what does not work in sexual relationships, such as problems with erections or orgasms, ongoing research may help us understand what does work and what keeps couples happy and satisfied.
advantages and disadvantages of case studies
Freud was famous for his use of this methodology. For example, he would study hysteria in only one patient because he didn’t have several patients with similar complaints.
This method does not allow researchers to generalize to the wider public because the sample size is small. Even so, the case study method may generate hypotheses that can lead to larger, generalizable studies
advantages and disadvantages of interviews
interviews can be useful research tools because they allow the researcher to establish a rapport with each participant and emphasize the importance of honesty in the study.
However, interviews can be time-consuming and expensive. In addition, researchers must be aware of how the questions they ask can influence the responses they receive.
Alfred Kinsey
advantages and disadvantages of questionaries and surveys
Questionnaire or survey research is generally used to identify the attitudes, knowledge, or behavior of large samples. However, the validity and reliability is questioned.
Kinsey was famous for using this methodology
advantages and disadvantages of direct observation
Masters and Johnson used direct observation for their research on sexual response and physiology.
provides information that cannot be obtained elsewhere. Researchers can monitor behavior as it happens, giving the results more credibility.
Direct observation is expensive and may not be as generalizable because it would be impossible to gather a random sample. also difficult to find willing participants.
advantages and disadvantages of participation observation
involves researchers entering an environment and monitoring what is happening naturally.
However, it is difficult to generalize from this type of research because the researcher could subtly, or not so subtly, influence the research findings. Also, this method has limited use in sexuality research because much of sexual behavior occurs in private.
advantages and disadvantages of experimental research
Experiments are the only research method that allows us to isolate cause and effect.
Experiments can be more costly than any of the other methods discussed in terms of both finances and time commitment. It is also possible that, in an attempt to control the experiments, a researcher may cause the study to become too sterile or artificial, and the results may be faulty or inapplicable to the real world.
advantages and disadvantages of correlational research
Correlations are often used when it is not possible to do an experiment.
The limitation of a correlational study is that it does not provide any information about cause. We would not learn whether past sexual abuse causes intimacy difficulties, even though we may learn that these factors are related.
advantages and disadvantages of internet based methods
The accessibility and sense of anonymity of the Internet provide researchers access to larger samples that can include difficult-to-reach populations. In addition, these methods can increase participant comfort and convenience while at the same time decreasing survey costs.
downside-not as many options for how you want to answer; no middle ground only yes or no. Also can result in being unaware you are participating in a study.
however, there are also some drawbacks to this type of research. In 2014, a large-scale research study was published using data collected from Facebook (Kramer et al., 2014). The study explored whether exposure to emotions in friends’ Newsfeeds affected users’ status updates. Subjects included approximately 160,000 randomly selected Facebook users in the one-week study period. The subjects were unaware that their Newsfeeds were being manipulated or that they were participating in a research study.
how does temperature affect sperm
When the testicles become too warm, sperm production is halted
The production and survival of sperm require a temperature that is a few degrees lower than the body’s temperature, so the scrotum is actually a kind of cooling tank for the testicles.
composition of sperm
Sperm cells are made up of three main parts: the head, midpiece, and tail
Head: Contains the DNA and is covered by the acrosome, a cap that contains enzymes that help sperm penetrate an egg
Midpiece: Contains mitochondria that produce energy for the tail
Tail: Also called the flagellum, this is the longest part of the sperm cell and moves in a corkscrew motion to propel the sperm forward
what is interviewer bias
The bias of a researcher caused by his or her own opinions, thoughts, and attitudes about the research.
validity vs reliability
validity-The property of a device measuring what it is intended to measure.
reliability- The dependability of a test as reflected in the consistency of its scores on repeated measurements of the same group.
what is volunteer bias
the idea that people who volunteer to participate in studies do not represent the general population
what is generalizability
refers to the ability of samples in a study to have wide applicability to the general population.
what is semen made up of?
semen is made up of sperm, seminal vesicle fluid, and prostate fluid:
Ways to help menstrual cramps
A reduction in salt, sugar, and caffeine intake; increased consumption of green leafy vegetables, nuts, seeds, whole grains, and omega-3 dietary supplements; moderate exercise; relaxation; warm baths; yoga; and gentle massage of the lower back can help reduce pain.
