Human sexuality

Question 1

What is genderlects

Answer 1

Coined by Deborah tannen, this term refers to the fundamental differences between the way men and women communicate.
Men-report
Women-rapport

Question 2

Rapport vs report

Answer 2

Rapport- talk which establishes relationships and connections
Report- talk which impart knowledge

Question 3

The two communication skills

Answer 3

Effectively oriented communication skils- comforting and involve a significant amount of listening
Instrumentally oriented communication skills- more persuasive and narrative

Question 4

Low context culture vs high context culture

Answer 4

Low context- uses language to express thoughts, and feelings as directly as possible
High context- relies heavily on subtle and nobsrval cues in its communication

Question 5

Important components in sexual communication

Answer 5

Positive self image
Self disclosure
Trust
Nonverbal Communication

Question 6

Nonconstructive communication

Answer 6

Overgeneralizations- making statements that tend to exaggerate a particular issue
Name calling
Overkill- in which one person threatens the worst but doesn’t mean what they say

Question 7

Conversation techniques that benefit a relationship

Answer 7

Active listening and nondefensive listening

Question 8

Define vulva

Answer 8

The collective designation for the external genitalia of the female

made up of the following: mans veneris, labia majora and minora, the vestibule, the perineum, and clitoris

Question 9

Define g spot

Answer 9

A structure that is said to lie on the Anterior (front) wall of the vagina and is reputed to be the seat of sexual pleasure

Question 10

Define hymen

Answer 10

A thin fold of vascularity mucous membrane at the vaginal opening

Question 11

Define Pre ejaculate fluid

Answer 11

a clear, mucus-like liquid that appears at the tip of the penis during sexual excitement. It is produced by the Cowper’s gland

Question 12

Define perineum

Answer 12

Area between the vagina and the anus.

Question 13

Define PIV

Answer 13

Penis-in-Vagina sex

Question 14

What’s the function of the epididymis

Answer 14

Holds sperms during maturation; takes about 10 to 14 days

Reabsorps old and faulty sperms

Question 15

What is the function of the van deferens

Answer 15

Carries sperms from the testicles, mixes it with other fluids from other glands and propels the sperms toward the urethra during ejaculation

Question 16

What is the function of cowpers glands

Answer 16

Have ducts that open right into the urethra and produce a fluid that cleans and lubricated the urethra for the passage of sperm

Question 17

What is the function of the ovaries

Answer 17

Female gonads that produce ova and sex hormones.

Question 18

What is the function of the cervix

Answer 18

the cervix connects the vagina to the uterus. The hole is big enough to let sperm through into the uterus. Menstrual blood leaves the uterus through the cervix as well.

The cervix is also a sort of “roof” to your vagina and keeps tampons and other objects from getting lost in your body.

Question 19

What is the function of the fimbriae

Answer 19

During ovulation, the fimbriae extend toward the ovaries and catch the released egg. The fimbriae then sweep the egg into the fallopian tube, where it can be fertilized.

Question 20

The three goals of communication

Answer 20

1. getting the job done
2. maintaining the relationship
3. managing our identity

Question 21

benefits of good communication

Answer 21

an integral part of all healthy relationships, and couples who know how to communicate with each other are happier, more satisfied, and have a better chance of making their relationship last.

Question 22

john Gottman’s research

Answer 22

a study done by John Gottman and colleagues found that same-sex couples were more positive than heterosexual couples when discussing areas of conflict in their relationships. Gottman believed this positivity could be due to the fact that same-sex couples tend to value equality more than heterosexual couples.

Question 23

Future of sex

Answer 23

Instead of focusing primarily on what does not work in sexual relationships, such as problems with erections or orgasms, ongoing research may help us understand what does work and what keeps couples happy and satisfied.

Question 24

advantages and disadvantages of case studies

Answer 24

Freud was famous for his use of this methodology. For example, he would study hysteria in only one patient because he didn’t have several patients with similar complaints.

This method does not allow researchers to generalize to the wider public because the sample size is small. Even so, the case study method may generate hypotheses that can lead to larger, generalizable studies

Question 25

advantages and disadvantages of interviews

Answer 25

interviews can be useful research tools because they allow the researcher to establish a rapport with each participant and emphasize the importance of honesty in the study.

However, interviews can be time-consuming and expensive. In addition, researchers must be aware of how the questions they ask can influence the responses they receive.

Alfred Kinsey

Question 26

advantages and disadvantages of questionaries and surveys

Answer 26

Questionnaire or survey research is generally used to identify the attitudes, knowledge, or behavior of large samples. However, the validity and reliability is questioned.

Kinsey was famous for using this methodology

Question 27

advantages and disadvantages of direct observation

Answer 27

Masters and Johnson used direct observation for their research on sexual response and physiology.

provides information that cannot be obtained elsewhere. Researchers can monitor behavior as it happens, giving the results more credibility.

Direct observation is expensive and may not be as generalizable because it would be impossible to gather a random sample. also difficult to find willing participants.

Question 28

advantages and disadvantages of participation observation

Answer 28

involves researchers entering an environment and monitoring what is happening naturally.

However, it is difficult to generalize from this type of research because the researcher could subtly, or not so subtly, influence the research findings. Also, this method has limited use in sexuality research because much of sexual behavior occurs in private.

Question 29

advantages and disadvantages of experimental research

Answer 29

Experiments are the only research method that allows us to isolate cause and effect.

Experiments can be more costly than any of the other methods discussed in terms of both finances and time commitment. It is also possible that, in an attempt to control the experiments, a researcher may cause the study to become too sterile or artificial, and the results may be faulty or inapplicable to the real world.

Question 30

advantages and disadvantages of correlational research

Answer 30

Correlations are often used when it is not possible to do an experiment.

The limitation of a correlational study is that it does not provide any information about cause. We would not learn whether past sexual abuse causes intimacy difficulties, even though we may learn that these factors are related.

Question 31

advantages and disadvantages of internet based methods

Answer 31

The accessibility and sense of anonymity of the Internet provide researchers access to larger samples that can include difficult-to-reach populations. In addition, these methods can increase participant comfort and convenience while at the same time decreasing survey costs.

downside-not as many options for how you want to answer; no middle ground only yes or no. Also can result in being unaware you are participating in a study.

however, there are also some drawbacks to this type of research. In 2014, a large-scale research study was published using data collected from Facebook (Kramer et al., 2014). The study explored whether exposure to emotions in friends’ Newsfeeds affected users’ status updates. Subjects included approximately 160,000 randomly selected Facebook users in the one-week study period. The subjects were unaware that their Newsfeeds were being manipulated or that they were participating in a research study.

Question 32

how does temperature affect sperm

Answer 32

When the testicles become too warm, sperm production is halted

The production and survival of sperm require a temperature that is a few degrees lower than the body’s temperature, so the scrotum is actually a kind of cooling tank for the testicles.

Question 33

composition of sperm

Answer 33

Sperm cells are made up of three main parts: the head, midpiece, and tail

Head: Contains the DNA and is covered by the acrosome, a cap that contains enzymes that help sperm penetrate an egg

Midpiece: Contains mitochondria that produce energy for the tail

Tail: Also called the flagellum, this is the longest part of the sperm cell and moves in a corkscrew motion to propel the sperm forward

Question 34

what is interviewer bias

Answer 34

The bias of a researcher caused by his or her own opinions, thoughts, and attitudes about the research.

Question 35

validity vs reliability

Answer 35

validity-The property of a device measuring what it is intended to measure.

reliability- The dependability of a test as reflected in the consistency of its scores on repeated measurements of the same group.

Question 36

what is volunteer bias

Answer 36

the idea that people who volunteer to participate in studies do not represent the general population

Question 37

what is generalizability

Answer 37

refers to the ability of samples in a study to have wide applicability to the general population.

Question 38

what is semen made up of?

Answer 38

semen is made up of sperm, seminal vesicle fluid, and prostate fluid:

Question 39

Ways to help menstrual cramps

Answer 39

A reduction in salt, sugar, and caffeine intake; increased consumption of green leafy vegetables, nuts, seeds, whole grains, and omega-3 dietary supplements; moderate exercise; relaxation; warm baths; yoga; and gentle massage of the lower back can help reduce pain.