Human Reproduction Flashcards
Ovary
Produces ova and sex hormones
Cervix
The neck of the uterus
Vagina
Where sperm is deposited during sexual intercourse
Fallopian tube
Carries the ovum from the ovary to the uterus
Uterus
Where an embryo develops into a fetus
Uterus lining (endometrium)
Where the embryo implants and forms the placenta
Muscular uterus wall
Contracts during child birth
Testes
Where sperm are made my melosis
Scrotum
Contains the testes & keeps them below 33 degrees Celsius
Sperm duct
Tube carrying sperm towards the urethra
Prostate gland & seminal vesicle
Produce liquid semen to carry & nourish sperm
Urethra
Tube that carries sperm through the penis during ejaculation. Also oases urine
Birth (3 steps)
- Dilation
- Delivery of baby
- Delivery of after birth
Dilation of the cervix
Cervix has to expand from <1cm to 10cm -> can take 30-48 mins
-> usually waters break / amniotic fluid is released
Delivery of baby
- > strong contractions of the uterus wall push baby out
- > contractions increase in intensity throughout labour
- > every 30 secs as baby is being born
Delivery of afterbirth
(The placenta & umbilical cord)
-> uterus continues to contract until after birth is delivered
Haploid nucleus
Contains half male/female genetic material
Acrosome (sperm cell)
Sac of enzymes that digest a path into the egg through the zone pellucide
Zona pellucide
Layer of jelly that surrounds the egg & protects it (hardens after one sperm has penetrated)
Progesterone
- > released by ovary
- > further develops & maintains uterus’ thick lining
- > inhibits the release of FSH & LH preventing further ovulation
- > corpus luteum breaks down &a gradually stops making progesterone
- > FSH released, a new eggs matures
FSH
(Follicle stimulating hormone)
- > released by pituitary gland in brain
- > acts on the ovary to cause an immature egg to mature
- > egg develops inside follicle and ovary starts to make oestrogen
Oestrogen
- > produced by ovaries
- > acts on the uterus to cause the lining to build up
LH
- > released by pituitary gland as a ‘surge’
- > causes ovulation -> egg to be released from follicle into Fallopian tube
- > empty follicle -> corpus luteum & produces progesterone
