human nutrition 🌱 Flashcards
what should a balanced diet include?
carbohydrate
protein
lipid
vitamins
minerals
water
dietary fibre
what is a source, function and deficiency/health issue of carbohydrates?
- pasta, potato, sugary drinks, rice.
- provide energy for respiration
- obesity and type II diabetes.
what is a source, function and deficiency/health issue of proteins?
-fish, eggs, red meat, chicken, lentils.
- growth and repair
- kwashiorkor
what is a source, function and deficiency/health issue of lipids?
- avocado, nuts, oils, cheese.
- insulation, protection of organs, making cell membranes, energy.
- heart disease, strokes, joint damage, obesity.
what is a source, function and deficiency/health issue of vitamin A?
- green vegetables, dairy products.
- makes a chemical which works in the eye to help you see in the dark.
- night blindness.
what is a source, function and deficiency/health issue of vitamin C?
- citrus fruit, strawberries, sprouts.
- helps join cells together to make tissues.
- scurvy.
what is a source, function and deficiency/health issue of vitamin D?
- fish liver oils.
- helps bones absorb calcium.
- rickets.
what is a source, function and deficiency/health issue of calcium? (MINERAL)
- dairy products.
- strengthens bones and teeth.
- rickets
what is a source, function and deficiency/health issue of iron? (MINERAL)
- red meat, green leafy vegetables.
- used to make haemoglobin.
- anaemia.
what is a function and deficiency/health issue of water?
- chemical reactions - to help lubricate joints, excrete waste, and keep eye tissues moist.
- dehydration.
what is a source, function and deficiency/health issue of dietary fibre?
- wholegrain/wholemeal, beans, nuts, seeds
- to help the digestive system to move food through intestines.
- constipation, heart disease, bowel cancer, stroke, type II diabetes.
what 3 body processes does energy fuel?
(these vary with activity levels, age, gender, body size, and pregnancy)
- maintaining body temperature.
- muscle contractions/heart beating.
- growth.
what is the structure and function of the human alimentary canal - mouth?
ingestion and mechanical and chemical digestion.
what is the structure and function of the human alimentary canal - oesophogus?
food moves via peristalsis to the stomach.
what is the structure and function of the human alimentary canal - stomach?
- hydrochloric acid kills bacteria.
- protein digestion through pepsin enzymes.
- mechanical digestion.
what is the structure and function of the human alimentary canal - small intestine?
- chemical digestion (enzymes).
- absorption of nutrients.
what is the structure and function of the human alimentary canal - duodenum and ileum? (parts of small intestine).
- duodenum - digestion of carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids.
- ileum - absorption of digested food products into bloodstream so they can be transported to body cells.
what is the structure and function of the human alimentary canal - large intestine/colon?
absorption of water.
what is the structure and function of the human alimentary canal - rectum? (part of large intestine/colon).
storage of faeces before egestion. (released without having been part of the body).
what is the structure and function of the human alimentary canal - pancreas?
produces digestive enzymes and alkali which are secreted into small intestine.
how is food moved through the gut?
peristalsis.
- wavelike muscular contractions which move food along the tract.
- mucus is produced - lubricates the passage and protects the walls of the tract against enzymes.
where is carbohydrase located in digestive system?
- mouth
- pancreas
- small intestine
where is protease located in digestive system?
- stomach
- pancreas
- small intestine
where is lipase located in digestive system?
- pancreas
- small intestine
what does amylase break down and what does it turn into?
starch, glucose.
what does maltase break down and what does it turn into?
maltose, glucose.
what does protease break down and what does it turn into?
protein, amino acids.
what does lipase break down and what does it turn into?
lipids, 1 glycerol and 3 fatty acids.
where is bile produced/stored?
produced = liver
stored = gall bladder
what is the function of bile?
- neutralising stomach acid
- emulsifying lipids.
how are the villi adapted for absorption in the ileum?(3)
- lining of intestine one cell thick = smaller diffusion distance.
- good blood supply = each villus contains capillaries to maintain concentration gradient.
- microvilli = increase the S.A. for absorption.
