human nutrition 🌱 Flashcards
what should a balanced diet include?
carbohydrate
protein
lipid
vitamins
minerals
water
dietary fibre
what is a source, function and deficiency/health issue of carbohydrates?
- pasta, potato, sugary drinks, rice.
- provide energy for respiration
- obesity and type II diabetes.
what is a source, function and deficiency/health issue of proteins?
-fish, eggs, red meat, chicken, lentils.
- growth and repair
- kwashiorkor
what is a source, function and deficiency/health issue of lipids?
- avocado, nuts, oils, cheese.
- insulation, protection of organs, making cell membranes, energy.
- heart disease, strokes, joint damage, obesity.
what is a source, function and deficiency/health issue of vitamin A?
- green vegetables, dairy products.
- makes a chemical which works in the eye to help you see in the dark.
- night blindness.
what is a source, function and deficiency/health issue of vitamin C?
- citrus fruit, strawberries, sprouts.
- helps join cells together to make tissues.
- scurvy.
what is a source, function and deficiency/health issue of vitamin D?
- fish liver oils.
- helps bones absorb calcium.
- rickets.
what is a source, function and deficiency/health issue of calcium? (MINERAL)
- dairy products.
- strengthens bones and teeth.
- rickets
what is a source, function and deficiency/health issue of iron? (MINERAL)
- red meat, green leafy vegetables.
- used to make haemoglobin.
- anaemia.
what is a function and deficiency/health issue of water?
- chemical reactions - to help lubricate joints, excrete waste, and keep eye tissues moist.
- dehydration.
what is a source, function and deficiency/health issue of dietary fibre?
- wholegrain/wholemeal, beans, nuts, seeds
- to help the digestive system to move food through intestines.
- constipation, heart disease, bowel cancer, stroke, type II diabetes.
what 3 body processes does energy fuel?
(these vary with activity levels, age, gender, body size, and pregnancy)
- maintaining body temperature.
- muscle contractions/heart beating.
- growth.
what is the structure and function of the human alimentary canal - mouth?
ingestion and mechanical and chemical digestion.
what is the structure and function of the human alimentary canal - oesophogus?
food moves via peristalsis to the stomach.
what is the structure and function of the human alimentary canal - stomach?
- hydrochloric acid kills bacteria.
- protein digestion through pepsin enzymes.
- mechanical digestion.
what is the structure and function of the human alimentary canal - small intestine?
- chemical digestion (enzymes).
- absorption of nutrients.
what is the structure and function of the human alimentary canal - duodenum and ileum? (parts of small intestine).
- duodenum - digestion of carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids.
- ileum - absorption of digested food products into bloodstream so they can be transported to body cells.
what is the structure and function of the human alimentary canal - large intestine/colon?
absorption of water.
what is the structure and function of the human alimentary canal - rectum? (part of large intestine/colon).
storage of faeces before egestion. (released without having been part of the body).
what is the structure and function of the human alimentary canal - pancreas?
produces digestive enzymes and alkali which are secreted into small intestine.
how is food moved through the gut?
peristalsis.
- wavelike muscular contractions which move food along the tract.
- mucus is produced - lubricates the passage and protects the walls of the tract against enzymes.
where is carbohydrase located in digestive system?
- mouth
- pancreas
- small intestine
where is protease located in digestive system?
- stomach
- pancreas
- small intestine
where is lipase located in digestive system?
- pancreas
- small intestine
