gas exchange 🦋

Question 1

LEARN HOW TO LABEL THE STRUCTURE OF THE THORAX!!!

Answer 1

• ribs
• intercostal muscles
• diaphragm
• trachea
• bronchi
• bronchioles
• alveoli
• pleural membranes (membrane that covers the lung - cushions lung and reduces friction with rib cage).

Question 2

what is the role of intercostal muscles/ribcage in ventilation (breathing)?

Answer 2

inspiration:
contract and move ribcage up and out.

expiration:
relaxes and moves ribcage down and in.

Question 3

what is the role of the diaphragm in ventilation (breathing)?

Answer 3

inspiration:
flattens as it contracts and moves down.

expiration:
forms a dome as it relaxes and moves up.

Question 4

what happens to the thorax volume in ventilation (breathing)?

Answer 4

inspiration:
increases

expiration:
decreases

Question 5

what happens to the air pressure in the lungs in ventilation (breathing)?

Answer 5

inspiration:
decreases

expiration:
increases

Question 6

what happens to the air movement along the pressure gradient in ventilation (breathing)?

Answer 6

inspiration:
air forced down the lungs down a pressure gradient. (due to higher pressure in air).

expiration:
air is forced out of the lungs down the pressure gradient (higher pressure in lungs).

Question 7

how does tar effect the respiratory system?

Answer 7

carcinogen which can lead to cancer

Question 8

how does emphysema effect the respiratory system?

Answer 8

alveoli become fused, reduces S.A, so slower gas exchange

Question 9

how does bronchitis effect the respiratory system?

Answer 9

cilia become damaged, more mucus is produced, build up of mucus and bacteria leads to infection

Question 10

what is the FIRST step in the method to investigate effect of exercise of breathing in humans?

Answer 10

1. measure resting breathing rate - number of chest rises in 1 minute and record in a table.

Question 11

what is the SECOND step in the method to investigate effect of exercise of breathing in humans?

Answer 11

2. do 2 mins vigorous exercise (e.g. star jumps/sprints).

Question 12

what is the THIRD step in the method to investigate effect of exercise of breathing in humans?

Answer 12

3. immediately after count number of chest rises in 1 minute and record in table.

Question 13

what is the FOURTH step in the method to investigate effect of exercise of breathing in humans?

Answer 13

4. repeat experiment and record results in table.