human influences on the environment Flashcards

1
Q

name 5 greenhouse gases

A

carbon dioxide, water vapour, methane, nitrous oxide, CFCs (chlorofluorocarbons)

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2
Q

name a source of CO2

A

burning fossil fuels

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3
Q

name two sources of methane

A

rice paddy fields, cattle

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4
Q

name 2 sources of nitrous oxide (N2O)

A

animal waste, fertilisers for crops

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5
Q

name three sources of CFCs

A

refrigerants, fire suppression systems for aircraft, aerosols

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6
Q

describe the greenhouse effect

A
  1. sunlight- passes through the earth’s atmosphere
  2. the ground warms up and heat is emitted from the earth’s surface
  3. some heat escapes into space but most is absorbed by greenhouse gases. it is re-emitted but does not escape
  4. the earth’s atmosphere warms up
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7
Q

give effects of global warming

A
temperature rises
ice caps melt
rise in sea levels/flooding
extreme weather
destruction of habitat
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8
Q

consequence of sulfur dioxide

A

acid rain- damages the waxy layer on the leaves of trees and dissolves in water bodies.

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9
Q

describe how pollution of water by sewage may cause harm to aquatic animals.

A
  • microorganisms will use O2 in water for aerobic respiration to decompose the sewage
  • lack of oxygen causes death of fish
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10
Q

describe how eutrophication causes loss of wildlife in lakes

A
  1. leaching causes excess nitrates and phosphates to enters lakes and rivers
  2. this encourages growth of algae on surface of water, preventing sunlight from reaching other water plants which therefore die
  3. bacteria decompose the dead plants, respiring and using O2
  4. low O2 levels make it difficult for fish to live
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11
Q

name 4 effects of deforestation

A
  • leaching
  • soil erosion
  • disturbance of evapotranspiration and the carbon cycle
  • balance of atmospheric gases
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12
Q

describe how deforestation causes soil erosion

A

roots take up nutrients and minerals from the soil, so without trees these substances will remain unused in the soil and will be washed into rivers and lakes by rain. loss of soil nutrients is permanent.

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13
Q

describe how deforestation causes the disturbance of evapotranspiration

A
  • when a large number of trees is grouped together, the water released by transpiration leads to the formation of clouds, resulting in rainfall.
  • if they are cut down the area might become dry.
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14
Q

give three ways we can prevent climate change.

A

drive less cars/ use more hybrid and electric cars
plant more trees/ reduce deforestation
use more renewable energy/ burn less fossil fuels

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