human geography

Question 1

pros of top down

Answer 1

Reaches a large number of people + might provide jobs in construction + provide new services e.g electricity + can bring more money into the economy

Question 2

cons of top down

Answer 2

Expensive + can put countries in debt - hinders future development due to repayments + interest

Only low paid jobs for the locals

Locals not consulted about their needs so might not benefit

Question 3

pros of bottom down

Answer 3

Defiantly gives local communities something they need + can improve quality of life for example education for all provides skills to girls who might not otherwise get them + in the future \they can get better jobs

Locals make designs quickly + created quickly with local employment + business

Question 4

cons of bottom down

Answer 4

Only benefits a small number of people

Question 5

What is the devolpment gap?

Answer 5

The differences in development between Hic + Lics

Question 6

Strategies to solve the devolpment gap

Answer 6

Trade - fair-trade
Aid - bilateral(government to government / between countries) - money for a devolpment for example HEP (hydroelectric power) down to make money
Multilateral - gives to septic charities for example Unicef - vaccionions for children
Humanisation aid

Question 7

What causes inequality in a country?

Answer 7

Access to resources for example oil in Dubai means some people become very deathly + the rest remain poor
Core - periphery idea - the ‘haves’ + the ‘have nots’ the ‘haves’ have access to trade routes industry and fertile soil + the have nots do not.

Question 8

Why do some countries have low inequality?

Answer 8

Minimum or ‘living’ wage to ensure people earn a good amount + good transport links + equal education

Question 9

water security

Answer 9

Accesss for sufficient calories to live + complete everyday task. Access to significant clean water

Question 10

why is food important

Answer 10

Food:
If people don’t have access to enough food which leads to malnutrition which leads to people being unable to work and get an income which leads to not able to buy so the cycle repeats

Question 11

government workforce decrease

Answer 11

This means in Lics the workforce might be reduced so therefore the GDP/Gni will decrease. If GNI decreases then the government cant provide services for example education/healthcare + can t build infrastructure

Question 12

what is top down

Answer 12

large scale 
government lead 
expensive 
possibly involves debt 
often need to import materials

Question 13

what is bottom up

Answer 13

small scale 
charity lead 
cheaper 
no debt 
local knowledge 
local materials

Question 14

why was the hsc needed

Answer 14

London to Manchester slashed from 2 hours 8 minutes to 1 hours 8 minutes
London to Leeds 2 hours 20 to 1 hour 22

Question 15

what were the advantages for hsc2

Answer 15

planned centrally
interconnected quicker
investment in the north
jobs in the north

Question 16

what are the disadvantages of the hsc 2

Answer 16

damage to the enviroment
cost
only helps the rich or those with jobs that require travel

Question 17

development gap table

Answer 17

food insecurity 
government corruption 
climate change 
colonialism 
landlocked 
water security 
lack of natural resources 
poor climate and disease

Question 18

Megacity

Answer 18

10 million

Question 19

counter urbanisation

Answer 19

Movement people out from city to countryside

Question 20

Give two characteristics of a squatter settlement

Answer 20

built on illegal land and is crowded

Question 21

State two social urban challenge

Answer 21

lack of health care and lack of access to education

Question 22

Site that has never been built on

Answer 22

Greenfield

Question 23

Two features of the CBD

Answer 23

high rise building many shops and business very good transport links

Question 24

One way to make transport more sustainable

Answer 24

having electric vechials

Question 25

Give a social development indicator

Answer 25

literacy rate, birth rate, death rate, life expectancy

Question 26

Give an economic development indicator

Answer 26

GNI per capita

Question 27

Give the key term for “a measure of weather a population has access to sufficient quantities of clean water”

Answer 27

water security

Question 28

Name of a graph we use to show the age and sex structure of a country

Answer 28

population pyramid

Question 29

Give one physical reason why development might be uneven in a country

Answer 29

landlocked