human geography Flashcards
pros of top down
Reaches a large number of people + might provide jobs in construction + provide new services e.g electricity + can bring more money into the economy
cons of top down
Expensive + can put countries in debt - hinders future development due to repayments + interest
Only low paid jobs for the locals
Locals not consulted about their needs so might not benefit
pros of bottom down
Defiantly gives local communities something they need + can improve quality of life for example education for all provides skills to girls who might not otherwise get them + in the future \they can get better jobs
Locals make designs quickly + created quickly with local employment + business
cons of bottom down
Only benefits a small number of people
What is the devolpment gap?
The differences in development between Hic + Lics
Strategies to solve the devolpment gap
Trade - fair-trade
Aid - bilateral(government to government / between countries) - money for a devolpment for example HEP (hydroelectric power) down to make money
Multilateral - gives to septic charities for example Unicef - vaccionions for children
Humanisation aid
What causes inequality in a country?
Access to resources for example oil in Dubai means some people become very deathly + the rest remain poor
Core - periphery idea - the ‘haves’ + the ‘have nots’ the ‘haves’ have access to trade routes industry and fertile soil + the have nots do not.
Why do some countries have low inequality?
Minimum or ‘living’ wage to ensure people earn a good amount + good transport links + equal education
water security
Accesss for sufficient calories to live + complete everyday task. Access to significant clean water
why is food important
Food:
If people don’t have access to enough food which leads to malnutrition which leads to people being unable to work and get an income which leads to not able to buy so the cycle repeats
government workforce decrease
This means in Lics the workforce might be reduced so therefore the GDP/Gni will decrease. If GNI decreases then the government cant provide services for example education/healthcare + can t build infrastructure
what is top down
large scale government lead expensive possibly involves debt often need to import materials
what is bottom up
small scale charity lead cheaper no debt local knowledge local materials
why was the hsc needed
London to Manchester slashed from 2 hours 8 minutes to 1 hours 8 minutes
London to Leeds 2 hours 20 to 1 hour 22
what were the advantages for hsc2
planned centrally
interconnected quicker
investment in the north
jobs in the north
what are the disadvantages of the hsc 2
damage to the enviroment
cost
only helps the rich or those with jobs that require travel
development gap table
food insecurity government corruption climate change colonialism landlocked water security lack of natural resources poor climate and disease
Megacity
10 million
counter urbanisation
Movement people out from city to countryside
Give two characteristics of a squatter settlement
built on illegal land and is crowded
State two social urban challenge
lack of health care and lack of access to education
Site that has never been built on
Greenfield
Two features of the CBD
high rise building many shops and business very good transport links
One way to make transport more sustainable
having electric vechials
Give a social development indicator
literacy rate, birth rate, death rate, life expectancy
Give an economic development indicator
GNI per capita
Give the key term for “a measure of weather a population has access to sufficient quantities of clean water”
water security
Name of a graph we use to show the age and sex structure of a country
population pyramid
Give one physical reason why development might be uneven in a country
landlocked
