exam 2 answers Flashcards
how are headland forms
Headlands are formed when the sea attacks a section of coast with alternating bands of hard and soft rock. The bands of soft rock, such as sand and clay, erode more quickly than those of more resistant rock, such as chalk. This leaves a section of land jutting out into the sea called a headland.
how are spits forms
spit develops where there is a sudden change in the shape of the coastline (1), such as at a headland/river estuary (1). Longshore drift deposits material away from the coastline (1) and continues to do so in this direction, leading to the growth of a spit (1).
biological weathering
Plant roots can get into small cracks in the rock.
As the roots grow, the cracks become larger.
This causes small pieces of rock to break away.
Beach nourishment:
Beaches also attract tourists. Keeps beach looking natural
Unlike some form of hard engiringh such as gabions which look less attractive
Beach absorb wave energy and help protect against costal erosions this is easiestway to keep stake holdrs happy
Mangeded retreat
- It is a cheap option compared to paying for sea defences.
- Creates a salt marsh which can provide habitats for wildlife and a natural defence against erosion and flooding.
- Salt marshes are diverse ecosystems supporting many species
Cliff regarding
– prevents sudden loss of large sections of cliff - reduces cos
difference between hard and soft engirding
Hard emerging causes more damage to the environment and is expensive while soft energering is eviromentally friendly and cheap
answer to one of them
saltation
type of mass movement
landslide
diagram hard sea wells
sea wells
two factors effecting the shit
The angle of the slope – steep slopes erode more violently and frequently.
The rock type/geology (see map below). Hard rock types are less likely to erode.
label y
wave cut platform
marine process =
hydraulic action
