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Intro to Psych > Human Evolution & Natural Selection > Flashcards

Human Evolution & Natural Selection Flashcards

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1
Q

What does Nativism supports

A

Knowledge of the world is mostly innate, and determines certain abilities

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2
Q

Nativism supports Nature or Nurture

A

Nature (genes, etc) determines behaviour according to nativism

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3
Q

True or False, empiricism supports that at birth, the mind is tabula rasa (empty state), nothing in terms of behaviour and knowledge is inherited, ALL IS LEARNED

A

True!

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4
Q

Empiricism supports Nature or Nurture

A

Nurture aka the environment determines behaviour

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5
Q

What does interactionism supports

A

Basic abilities and knowledge is innate, but can be influence by experience

→strong evidence of that statement

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6
Q

What is the Out of Africa Migration

A

Migration of the homo sapiens out of Africa and crossbreeding between different homo then occured

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7
Q

What is the cognitive revolution and its cause

A

It is the massive increase of the brain size caused by mutation in the gene ARHGAP11B

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8
Q

What is the consequence of the mutation in the ARHGAP11B gene

A

It lead to the developpment of typical “folded” structure of human brain

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9
Q

What are the consequences of the increase of brain size for humans (5)

A
  • spend more time looking for food
  • muscle atrophy
  • human premature birth
  • cooking
  • very special language
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10
Q

What are the 2 consequences of cooking for humans

A
  1. increase nutritional density of food

2. improve digestion speed

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11
Q

What is particular to human communication (4)

A
  1. ability to communicate knowledge about the world
  2. planning
  3. communication about social structure
  4. ability to communicate about things that do not exists
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12
Q

What did the ability to communicate non-physical concepts allows us to do

A
  1. Increase size of functional human societies according to laws, rules, concepts
  2. create cooperation of strangers
  3. rapid innovation of social behaviour
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13
Q

What is the main impact of the Agricultural Revolution

A

Animals and plants were domesticated (or did they domesticate us)

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14
Q

What are the 5 consequences of the agricultural revolution

A
  1. concept of ownership
    - by accumulation
  2. Villages, cities and nations became default social structures
  3. Diet change : wholesome and varied → monocultural
    - nutrion-related diseases occured
  4. Reduced knowledge about wider surroundings
  5. More time working or food than for hunting
    - work related disease emerged
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15
Q

True or false, accroding to Evolutionary Psychologist, our mind remained hunter-gathered minds and our behaviour reflect this?

A

True, we are not yet adapted to the settled lifestyle

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16
Q

Why did we become sedentarist according to evolutionary psychology

A

To have more kids, genetic survival

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17
Q

What is the main focus of the scientific revolution

A

Galileo, Bacon, Descartes and others shifted the aim to understand human nature instead of controlling it

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18
Q

What characterizes the Anthropocene

A

Present period characterized by human ability to modify our environment

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19
Q

How does the perception of cuteness that elicit caretaking is called

A

Kindchenschema

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20
Q

What is piloerection and why does it happen

A

The phenomenon of hair that stand up as a reaction to fright, cold, etc

It happens to insulate us from cold, but evolution speaking to make us appear bigger and scarier

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21
Q

What does the fact that children love to build caves. littles forts and hideaway infere

A

that we have an unconscious use of environmental features to provide cover

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22
Q

Why many humans prefer to sit back against walls and first occupy seats at corners and at borders/edges

A

Symbol of protection that provides higher lookout as habitation

23
Q

What do body contact express

A

It signals affection, caring and grooming

24
Q

What are 5 examples of inborn characteristics

A
  • inborn reflexes
  • attraction to novelty
  • motive to explore and manipulate objects
  • impulse to play
  • capacity for specific basic cognitive ability
25
Q

Describe 5 innate human behaviour

A
  1. the moro reflex
  2. Grasping reflex
  3. Rooting reflex (feeding behaviour)
  4. crying
  5. Smilling & laughing
26
Q

What is the Moro Reflex, one of the 5 innate human behaviour

A

it is the reflex after the lost of balance of a baby to attract the mother’s attention to be able to survive

27
Q

What observation lead to think that smiling and laughing is an innate human behaviour

A

A little and cute boy who is blind and deaf from birth can smile and laugh!

This inferes that laughing and smiling is universal for all humans

28
Q

What does the crying of a baby and toddler creates to an adult, neurologicaly speaking

A

stimulates the amygdala and promotes a fear response

29
Q

What is the difference between genotype and phenotype

A

A genotype refers to the genes of an individual. As for the phenotype, it refers to a precise characteristic of the individual that is the product of the genotype.

So genotype influence phenotype and not inversely.

However, environmental factors can influence gene expression

30
Q

What are the two dimension to consider to explain behaviour

A
  1. Proximate cause

2. Ultimate cause

31
Q

What is the Proximate cause

A

Internal changes in animal such as hormones, learnings, experience explain HOW the animal produces a behaviour

32
Q

What is the Ultimate causes

A

it is related to the evolutionary causes of behaviour and explains WHY an animal behaves a certain way

33
Q

What does the Tomato Plant experiment represents

A

Pot : environment
Seed : genetic

Two different set of growth where one strongly favors growth compared to the other one from the same kind of seeds.

Within the same pot, they are small differences.

However, between to the pots, there are big differences.

  • this demonstrate how the environment induces greater differences than the genetics
34
Q

What is the nature and nurture characteristics of monozygotic twins growing apart

A
  • EQUAL nature

- DIFFERENT nurture

35
Q

What is the nature and nurture characteristics of dyzygotic twins living together

A
  • SIMILAR nature, but not identical

- EQUAL nurture

36
Q

True or false, monozygotic twins have more simialr IQ-test scores than dizygotic twins

A

True!

37
Q

True or false, adopted children have a smaller correlation with the scores of their biological than non biological relative

A

False!

Scores of adopted children correlate stronger with the scores of their biological than non nonbiological relatives

38
Q
  • Rapid multiplication
  • Limited environmental resources
  • Struggle for existence
  • Variation/mutations
  • Survival for the fittesst
  • Inheritance of the useful variation
    describe which theory
A

Darwin’s Theory of Evolution

39
Q

What do the rapid multiplication of Darwin infers

A

Many species tend to produce more offspring than can survive to increase random mutations that increases the chances of survival

40
Q

What does the struggle for existence allows.

A

Competition that create symbiosis!

41
Q

What are the positive aspect of variation in the genome

A

Greater genetic variation increases the chance to adapt to the variant environment

42
Q

How does today technology impacts human natural selection

A

We now control our environment, we manage to “run” the planet, no more genetic adaption to nature is needed

ps: we need to adapt the world we constructed, to our own nature

43
Q

What is the Endosymbiotic Theory

A

Theory that explains evolution by the principle of cooperation of an organism inside another organism to a more complex organism that favors survival

44
Q

What does prokaryote means (decompose the word)

A

pro : before

karyon : nucleus

45
Q

True or false, eukaryotic mitochondria reproduce by themselves

A

Indeed bibi

46
Q

Where do the organelles of an eukarotic cell come from

A

from the symbiosis of living prokaryotic life forms

47
Q

What are the 3 main problems/critics of Evolutionary Psychology

A
  • Modularity principle
  • Poor and rare diagnostic test in evolutionary psychology
  • Simple genetic model
48
Q

Why does the modularity of the mind is considered one of the critic of evolutionary psychology

A

Plasticity in the brain during and after development is hard to reconcile with the modularity of mind hypothesis

49
Q

What are example of psychological conditions that cannot be explained by evolutionary psychology

A

Suicide, homosexuality, self-harm

50
Q

Why do males tend to be more promiscuous/immoral than females according evolutionary Ψ

A

It’s because they do not need to invest into a parter in order to spread their genes…
this is also why they supposedly desire secual novelty

51
Q

Why do females tend to be more monogamous than males according to evolutionary Ψ

A

It’s because of the high cost of investment into pregnancy and that may explain why they prefer security over novelty

52
Q

True or false, evolutionary Ψ is based on simplistic stereotypes of gender differences

A

True.

53
Q

Is infidelity in small groups not adaptative strategy

A

yes

54
Q

Which has a better rate of survival, cooperation or competition

A

Cooperation

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