Human Breathing

Question 1

Draw and label the breathing system in humans.

Answer 1

.

Question 2

Give the function of the Nasal cavities.

Answer 2

Nasal Cavities- Inhales air

Question 3

What is the function of the rings of cartilage?

Answer 3

Prevent trachea from collapsing

Question 4

Describe the mechanism of Inhalation in breathing. (Refer to 5 headings: Intercostal muscles, ribcage, diaphragm, the volume of thorax cavity, Air moving in or out.)

Answer 4

1. Intercostal muscles contract,
2. Ribcage pulled up and out.
3. Diaphragm contracts.
4. The thorax cavity increases and pressure in the chest falls.
5. Air is forced into the lungs.

Question 5

The breathing rate in humans is controlled by the concentration of a gas dissolved in the blood. Which gas is this?

Answer 5

Carbon Dioxide

Question 6

Outline gaseous exchange in alveoli.

Answer 6

Oxygen diffuses from the alveoli into the blood in the capillaries and the blood carries the oxygen to the cells.

At the cells the oxygen is used during respiration and the waste products of carbon dioxide and water vapour are produced.

Carbon Dioxide and Water vapour diffuse out of body cells into blood and are carried to the lungs.

At the lungs, carbon dioxide and water diffuse from the blood into the alveoli and are exhaled out the body.

Question 7

Explain the adaptations / essential features of the alveoli as a surface for gas exchange.

Answer 7

The walls are only one cell thick
Have a large surface area
They are moist, making diffusion easier
Surrounded by a network of blood capillaries

Question 8

Name a disorder of the breathing system.

Answer 8

Asthma

Question 9

What happens to your breathing rate when you exercise?

Answer 9

Rate and depth of breathing increase

Question 10

Give the function of the Pharynx.

Answer 10

Pharynx - moves food from the mouth to the oesophagus.

Question 11

Give the function of the Epiglottis.

Answer 11

Epiglottis- Small flap of tissue that prevents food & drink from entering the windpipe

Question 12

Give the function of the Glottis.

Answer 12

Glottis- Opens into the windpipe and is responsible for the production of sound

Question 13

Give the function of the Larynx.

Answer 13

Larynx- Voicebox

Question 14

Give the function of the Trachea.

Answer 14

Trachea- Windpipe, made of muscle, carries air to lungs

Question 15

Give the function of the Bronchi.

Answer 15

Bronchi- Passageway for air to travel from the mouth down to the alveoli

Question 16

Give the function of the Bronchioles.

Answer 16

Bronchioles- Transports air to the alveoli

Question 17

Give the function of the Alveoli.

Answer 17

Alveoli- Gas exchange occurs here

Question 18

Causes of a disorder of the breathing system.

Answer 18

Allergens
Lung infections
Exercise
Stress
Anxiety

Question 19

Give the symptoms of a disorder of the breathing system.

Answer 19

Noisy or wheezy breathing
Coughing
Chest tightening
Breathlessness

Question 20

Treatment of a disorder of the breathing system.

Answer 20

Inhale Bronchodilators- widens bronchioles

Inhale Steroids- reduce inflammation