Fungi Flashcards

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1
Q

Characteristics about Fungi:

A
  • Eukaryotic
  • Walls made of Chitin
  • Heterotrophs - fungi lack chlorophyll
  • Reproduce by spores
  • Made of individual tubes called Hyphae (Group = Mycelium)
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2
Q

Is Fungi a Parasite or Saprophyte?

A

Parasites - take food from plants or animals (e.g. athletes foot)
Saprophyte - Found in soil, rotting leaves, trees and dead animals (e.g. Mushrooms)

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3
Q

What is Rhizopus?

A

Bread mold

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4
Q

Is Rhizopus a saprophyte or parasite?

A

Saprophyte of bread and vegetable peelings

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5
Q

Types of Hyphae in Rhizopus.

A

Rhizoids- Anchorage
Stolon - Releases enzymes onto substrate and breaks it down. Digested nutrients then absorbed into stolon.
Sporangiophore - Grows upwards to allow spores to be carried by air.

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6
Q

What is Rhizopus Asexual Reproduction called?

A

Sporulation

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7
Q

Asexual Reproduction in Rhizopus, explain.

A

1) 2 separate strains (+ & -)
2) + & - get closer
3) Swelling forms a progamentagium where nuclei from (+ & -) move into.
4) Walls break down. (+) fuses with (-) forms a diploid zygote.
5) Zygote forms a zygospore around it which allows it to withstand unfavorable conditions
6) Zygospore germinates by meiosis to form a haploid hyphae. Hyphae grows upwards to swells, forming sporangium containing spores. Sporangium bursts releasing spores which produce new hyphae.

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8
Q

Characteristic of yeast?

A

Single celled

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9
Q

Structure of Yeast Cell

A

Oval shaped, Vacuole, storage granule

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10
Q

Name of Yeast Asexual Reproduction

A

Budding

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11
Q

Edible fungi

A

Field Mushrooms - Grow above ground

Truffles- Found under ground

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12
Q

Poisonous Fungi

A

Death Cap Fungus - Can cause Death

Fly Agaric Mushroom (Magic Mushroom) - Hallucinations

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13
Q

Beneficial Fungi

A

Yeast (Brewing
Baking (makes dough rise)
Source of food (mushrooms)

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14
Q

Harmful Fungi

A
Crop diseases (Blight)
Food spoilage (Rhizopus)
Trichophyton- Athletes foot and ringworm
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15
Q

Experiment

A

Attach surface of leaf to lid of petri dishing containing nutrient agar. Colonies of yeast form on agar.

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16
Q

Sterility and Aseptic Techniques

A
  • Disinfect benches before and after experiments
  • Sterilize equipment before and after
  • Flaming needles before and after use
  • Open and close container for shortest possible time and distance.
17
Q

What does Sterile mean?

A

All-microorganisms are destroyed and killed

18
Q

What does Aseptic mean?

A

Measures are taken to exclude micro-organisms from environment. (Creates a germ free environment with sterilization)