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Bacteria Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

3 Characteristics of Monera Kingdom

A 
Prokaryotic
Unicellular
No membrane-enclosed nucleus or organelles 
Autotrophs or Heterotrophs
Reproduce Asexually
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2
Q

3 Characteristics of Plant Kingdom

A 
Eukaryotic
Autotroph
Cell wall
Multicellular
Reproduce Asexually or Sexually
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3
Q

3 Characteristics of Animal Kingdom

A 
Eukaryotic
Heterotroph
No Cell wall
Multicellular
Reproduce Sexually
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4
Q

Prokaryotic

A

No membrane-enclosed nucleus or cell organelles

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5
Q

Eukaryotic

A

Membrane-enclosed nucleus and cell organelles

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6
Q

Autotroph

A

An organism that can make its own food

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7
Q

Heterotroph

A

An organism that cannot make its own food and obtains food by eating plants and animals

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8
Q

Pathogen

A

An organism that causes disease.

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9
Q

Example of Autotroph

A

Plant

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10
Q

Example of Heterotroph

A

Humans

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11
Q

Unicellular

A

Single-Celled

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12
Q

Structure of Bacterium

Always Present

A 
Cell Wall
Storage Granule
Cell Membrane
Ribosome
Cytoplasm
DNA Chromosome
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13
Q

Structure of Bacterium

Sometimes Present

A

Capsule
Flagellum
Plasmiel
Mesosome

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14
Q

3 Types of Bacteria and example

A

Round - Pneumonia
Rods - E. Coli
Spirals - Syphilis

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15
Q

Asexual Reproduction

A
  1. DNA Replicates
  2. Cell elongates, pushes nuclear material to each end
  3. Cell membrane constricts along equator forming a cleavage furrow
  4. Two identical daughter cells are formed
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16
Q

Endospore and why it is needed

A

Protective coat around bacteria in unfavourable conditions (i.e. lack of water, heat, cold etc.)

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17
Q

How does temp affect growth?

A

Most bacteria grows between 20-30. Some can tolerate much higher without enzymes becoming denatured. Low temps result in slower growth.

18
Q

How does PH affect growth?

A

If bacteria is put in unsuitable PH, enzymes will become destroyed.

19
Q

How does Temp affect growth?

A

Most bacteria grows between 20-30. Some can tolerate much higher without enzymes becoming denatured. Low temps result in slower growth.

20
Q

How does Oxygen affect growth?

A

Aerobic bacteria require O2

Anaerobic don’t require O2

21
Q

How does Pressure affect growth?

A

High pressure inhibits the growth of most bacteria

22
Q

Autotrophic - Photosynthetic

A

Uses light energy to make food

23
Q

Autotrophic - Chemosynthetic

A

Uses energy from chemical reactions to make food

24
Q

Heterotrophic - Parasites

A

Feed on living hosts and causes harm

25
Q

Heterotrophic - Saprophytes

A

Feed on dead organic matter - decomposers

26
Q

Heterotrophic - Saprophytes

A

Feed on dead organic matter - decomposers

27
Q

Beneficial Bacteria

A

Bacteria convert milk to produce yoghurt and cheese

Used in genetic engineering to produce insulin, drugs.

28
Q

Harmful Bacteria

A

Pathogens bacteria causes animal and plant diseases
Salmonella bacteria causes food poisoning
Causes food to decay

29
Q

Antibiotics

A

Chemicals produced by micro-organisms that stop the growth of, or kill, other micro-organisms

30
Q

Characteristics of Antibiotics

A

Used to treat bacterial and fungal infections

No effect on viruses

31
Q

Antibiotic Resistance

A

Develops due to gene mutation

Not affected by the antibiotic being used

32
Q

What happens due to the frequency of antibiotics?

A

The greater the use and frequency, the greater the number of resistant strains of bacteria

33
Q

What happens if you fail to complete the treatment of antibiotics?

A

Failure to complete treatment of antibiotics allows the bacteria to survive and grow, leading to high resistant strains

34
Q

Lag Phase

A

Bacteria adapting to environment and only starting to grow

35
Q

Log Phase

A

Rapid increase of Bacteria ( binary fission)

Ideal conditions for growth (nutrients, space, oxygen, heat)

36
Q

Stationary Phase

A

Number of bacteria remains constant

Rate of bacteria being produced = rate when they die

37
Q

Decline Phase

A

Death rate of bacteria increasing - Conditions unsuitable

38
Q

Survival Phase

A

Some will survive by producing endospores

39
Q

Bioreactor

A

A large vessel/container in which living cells are used to make a product

40
Q

Bioreactor- 2 methods

A
  1. Batch Culture

2. Continuous-flow culture

41
Q

Bioreactor Culture

A 
Fixed amount of nutrients
Micro-organisms go through log, lag, stationary phases
Bioreactor cleaned, sterilized
Less Economical
Easier to control
42
Q

Continuous Culture

A

Nutrients added constantly to reactor
Micro-organisms are maintained in log phases
Process can continue for several weeks
More economical
Difficult to maintain constant conditions

Biology (10 decks)

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