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biology > Cell Structure & Diversion > Flashcards

Cell Structure & Diversion Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards
1
Q

What is a Cell?

A

The basic unit of structure and function in an organism.

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2
Q

What are living things made of?

A

All living things are made of cells.

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3
Q

What is an Ultrastructure?

A

The fine detail of a cell.

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4
Q

What is the structure of an Animal Cell?

A
  • Nucleus
  • Cytoplasm
  • Cell Membrane
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5
Q

What is the structure of a Plant Cell?

A
  • Nucleus
  • Cytoplasm
  • Cell Membrane
  • Chloroplast
  • Vacuole
  • Cell Wall
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6
Q

What is an Organelle?

A

A cell component that performs specific functions of a cell.

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7
Q

What is Cytoplasm?

A
  • A clear jelly-like fluid that fills the cell.

- Contains all organelles within the cell.

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8
Q

What are Cell Membranes made of?

A

Phospholipids and Protein

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9
Q

What is the function of a Cell Membrane?

A
  • Gives support to the cell
  • Semi-permeable: Allows some molecules freely in and out
  • Retains the cell contents
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10
Q

What is the function of the Nucleus?

A

It controls the activities of the cell

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11
Q

What is found in the Nucleus?

A
  • Strands of D.N.A

- Chromosomes

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12
Q

What are Ribosomes made of?

A
  • R.N.A

- Protein

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13
Q

What is the function of Ribosomes?

A

To make protein

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14
Q

What is the function of Vacuoles?

A
  • Provides structural support

- Storage of food, water, and chemicals

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15
Q

What is the function of the Mitochondria?

A

Supply energy to the cell in a process known as respiration.

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16
Q

What are the parts of the Mitochondria?

A
  • Outer Membrane
  • Inner Membrane
  • Matrix
  • Cristae
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17
Q

What is the function of Chloroplasts?

A

Photosynthesis

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18
Q

What is the function of the Cell Wall?

A

To support and strengthen the cell

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19
Q

What is the Cell Wall?

A
  • Rigid
  • Gives defined Shape
  • Fully Permeable: Allows everything to pass-through
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20
Q

What is the Cell Wall composed of?

A

Cellulose

21
Q

What is a Eukaryote?

A

Organisms whose cells contain a membrane nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.

22
Q

Where do you find Eukaryotes?

A
  • Plants

- Humans

23
Q

What is a Prokaryote?

A

Organisms whose cells lack a membrane nucleus and have no membrane-bound organelles.

24
Q

Where do you find Prokaryotes?

A

Bacteria

25
Q

What is Tissue?

A

A group of similar cells, modified to carry out the same function.

26
Q

What is Connective Tissue?

A
  • Cells dispersed in the matrix

- It surrounds and supports body parts

27
Q

What is an example of Connective Tissue?

A

Blood has red cells, white cells and platelets carried in Plasma.

28
Q

What is Nervous Tissue?

A

It carries electrical impulses

29
Q

What is an example of Nervous Tissue?

A

Neurons

30
Q

What is an Organ?

A

A number of different tissues working together to carry out one or more functions.

31
Q

Give an example of Plant Organs.

A
  • Root
  • Leaf
  • Stem
32
Q

Give an example of Animal Organs.

A

Brain, Liver, Heart

33
Q

What is an Organ System?

A

A number of organs working together to carry out one or more functions.

34
Q

What is an example of an Organ System?

A
  • Digestive
  • Circulatory
  • Nervous
  • Muscular
  • Skeletal
  • Endocrine
  • Excretory
  • Reproductive
  • Immune System
35
Q

What is Tissue Culture?

A

The growth of cells in a sterile nutrient medium outside the body

36
Q

What is an example of Tissue Culture?

A
  • Skin Grafts

- Cancer Research

37
Q

What is the function of the Cristae in the Mitoc

A

These folds allow for increased surface area in which chemical reactions can take place.

38
Q

What are 3 differences between a Plant Cell and an Animal Cell?

A

Plant Cell:

  • Has a Cell Wall
  • Has Chloroplasts
  • Has Chlorophyll
  • Has Large Vacuoles

Animal Cell:

  • Has no Cell Wall
  • Has no Chloroplasts
  • Has no Chlorophyll
  • Small/ No Vacuoles
39
Q

What stain is used when examining a Plant Cell under the microscope?

A

Iodine

40
Q

What stain is used when examining an Animal Cell under the microscope?

A

Methylene blue

41
Q

Why is a coverslip used?

A
  • Protects the microscope

- Prevents the slide from drying out when it’s being examined.

42
Q

How is the coverslip applied and why is it applied this way?

A

At an angle, to prevent air bubbles

43
Q

What is the function of the Eyepiece Lens?

A

Look through

44
Q

What is the function of the Coarse Focus Wheel?

A

Moves stage up & down

45
Q

What is the function of the Fine Focus Wheel?

A

Focus’s Image.

46
Q

What is the function of the Objective Lens?

A

Magnifies Image

47
Q

What is the function of the Stage?

A

Holds slide.

48
Q

What is the function of the Diaphragm?

A

Controls the amount of light.

49
Q

What is the function of the Light Source?

A

It’s the source of light.

biology (10 decks)

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