Human Anatomy - Joints Part 2 Flashcards
What are the different special structures of synovial joints?
Articular disc (ex: meniscus) Bursae and tendon sheaths
The articular disc allows bones of _______ ____ to ____ together.
It makes joints more _____ and minimizes _____ and _____ on joint surfaces.
It can _______ or _______ divide the joint cavity.
Consists of ________.
Different shapes to fit together tightly
Stable and minimizes wear and tear
Partially or completely
Fibrocartilage
The ______ is the most stressed joint in the body.
Knee
Where can you find articular discs?
Knee joint
Temporomandibular joint of the jaw
What do articular discs provide?
Where can you find them?
What do they consist of?
Function to allow bones of different shapes fit snugly.
Makes joints more stable and minimizes wear and tear.
Distributes the load more evenly.
Can fully or partially separate the joint cavity.
They are found in the knee (menisci) and in the temporomandibular joint of the jaw.
Consists of fibrocartilage.
What is a bursa?
Flattened, fibrous sac lined with synovial membrane containing a thin film of synovial fluid.
What is a tendon sheath?
Elongated bursa that wraps around a tendon that experiences friction on all sides.
Bursae and tendon sheaths aren’t strictly part of ______ but are associated with them.
These function to _______ (more than one word).
They are closed bags of _________.
Joints
reduce friction between body elements
Lubricant
Describe student’s elbow
How are severe cases treated?
Resting ones elbow on a desk can lead to swelling of the olecranon fossa.
This causes swelling and pain, which can lead to inflammation of the bursa.
Severe cases are treated by injecting inflammation reducing drugs into the bursa or by fluid removal.
What are the factors influencing joint stability?
Articular surfaces
Ligaments
Muscle tone.
Articular surfaces ______ play a major role in joint stability.
However, the ______, ______ and the _____ do provide stability due to ________ joint sockets.
Seldom (rarely)
elbow, ankle, hip
deeper
How do ligaments provide joint stability?
The more ligaments in a joint, the stronger it is.
What is the most important factor in joint stability?
Muscle tone, keeps tension on muscle tendons.
______ ____ supports the arches of the foot.
Muscle tone
What issues arise with ligaments?
Poorly vascularized so they don’t heal well.
Once they stretch past 6% of their resting length, they do not recoil. (dense regular)
What does double jointed really mean?
Not that the person has two joints.
Rather, the person has more elastic ligaments.
However, this might not impart the same structural integrity.
These individuals may be more prone to injury.
Describe a sprain?
Twisting of a joint that stretches or tears a ligament
No dislocation of the bones
May damage nearby blood vessels, tendons or muscles
Swelling and hemorrhage occur from broken blood vessels.
Common in the ankle.
What is a strain?
Overstretched or partially torn muscle.
What is the difference between a sprain and a strain?
Sprain is more serious, involving a ligament.
A strain is less serious, involves muscle.
Articular surfaces that are flat and allow only short gliding movements.
Non-axial
planar joint
Cylindrical projection of one bone fits into a trough-shaped surface on another.
Uniaxial
Hinge joint
The rounded end of one bone protrudes into a ring of bone and ligament.
Uniaxial
Pivot joint