Blood and the Heart Flashcards
What is the circulatory system subdivided into?
Cardiovascular and lymphatic system.
What are the functions of blood?
1 - Transportation of respiratory gases, hormones, nutrients
2 - Regulation against disease and excessive blood loss
Describe the role of blood and regulation of body temperature.
The regulation of body temperature is related to the skin.
Dilate to have temperature leave from the skin.
Vasoconstrict to prevent heat from escaping when cold.
Why is blood a specialized connective tissue?
Doesn’t have fibers, doesn’t bind or support things.
What is blood composed of?
Blood cells - formed elements - most are RBCs - less are WBCs Plasma - mostly wate - also ions, nutrients and proteins
Erythrocytes and platelets are not _____ cells.
true
Why are platelets not true cells?
Do not divide, formed of cell fragments.
If we were to spin blood down, the heavier things would go to the bottom but there would be layers.
What are they?
Bottom layer
Buffy coat in the middle - WBCs and platelets
Fluid on top
Erythrocytes are the most ________ of the formed elements.
They transport ______.
There are filled with ____, an oxygen-carrying protein.
Since they aren’t real cells, they do not have _______ or a ______.
The plasma membrane is _____ and ______ to allow them to go through blood vessels.
They have a ________ shape.
They originate in the ______ ________.
Common Oxygen Hb Organelles Nucleus Strong Flexible Biconcave Bone marrow
Why do RBCs not have organelles or nuclei?
Allows for a greater capacity to carry oxygen.
- won’t use up the oxygen they are carrying
Why does the plasma membrane have to be strong and flexible for an erythrocyte?
The size of a RBC is that of a capillary,
As it goes through the blood vessels, rubs up against the walls, dont want friction to cause damage to, have to be strong and flexible to not jam up the vessels.
What is the purpose of the biconcave shape?
Makes it more efficient for oxygen transport since it allows rapid diffusion of oxygen in and out.
What is blood doping?
What is the purpose?
What is the danger?
How is it detected?
Injecting previously stored RBCs before an athletic event.
More cells available to deliver oxygen to the tissues.
Dangerous since it increases blood viscosity and forces the heart to work faster.
Detect by measuring ratio of mature vs. immature RBCs in circulation.
- if not relatively equal –> means mature RBCs have been artifically introduced via transfusion
WBCs are also called _________.
They _______ the body from infections.
They function ______ the bloodstream.
They are formed inside the ______ ______.
Leukocytes
Protect
Outside
Bone marrow
What is diapedesis?
Process by which circulating leukocytes leave the capillaries
What are the two groups of leukocytes?
Granulocytes and agranulocytes
What cells types are granulocytes? Agranulocytes?
Gran - NEB
- neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils
Agra - LM
- lymphocytes and monocytes
What are the cells from least to most abundant?
NLMEB
Never let monkeys eat bananas
Neutrophils - Lymphocytes - monocytes - eosinophils - basophils
Describe neutrophils.
Granulocytes
- most abundant
- phagocytic
- granules filled with digestive enzymes specialized to destroy bacteria
Describe eosinophils.
Granulocyte
- second least abundant
- plays roles in ending allergic reactions and parasitic infections (most imp.)
Describe basophils.
Granulocyte
- least abundant
- granules secrete histamine to mediate inflammation during allergic reactions and parasitic infections
What drugs are used to combat allergies?
Antihistamines
What is pus?
Dead neutrophils, tissue debris and dead bacteria - indicates bad infection
Lymphocytes are _________.
They are the most _________ cells of the immune system.
They are the ______ most abundant.
They function in ________ tissue.
They act against a _______ foreign molecule (________) by attacking it ________ or by producing ________.
Agranulocytes important Second most abundant connective Specific antigen directly antibodies
What is one difference between a lymphocyte and monocyte?
When a monocyte leaves the blood, it becomes a macrophage.
Describe monocytes.
3rd most/least abundant leukocyte
Agranulocyte
Transform into macrophages
largest leukocyte
What are the functions of platelets?
Clot blood by creating a platelet plug
How to platelets clot the blood?
Go to site of injury and shoot out fibres to make a meshwork.
These fibres contract to pull the fibres closer to heal the wound.
The heart is a muscular ______ pump.
double
What is the pulmonary circuit?
Takes blood to and from the lungs.
What is the systemic circuit?
Vessels transport blood to and from the body tissues.
What are atria?
Receive blood from the pulmonary and systemic circuits.
What are the ventricles?
Pumping chambers of the heart which send blood to the pulmonary and systemic circuits.
What vessels feed the heart with oxygen rich blood?
Coronary arteries