HUG vocab unit chap 5

Question 1

language

Answer 1

system of communication through speech, movement, sounds, and symbols that a group of people understand to have the same meaning

Question 2

centripetal force

Answer 2

force that tends to unify people

Question 3

centrifugal force

Answer 3

force that tends to pull people apart

Question 4

institutional language

Answer 4

used in education, work, mass media, and goverment

Question 5

developing language

Answer 5

in daily use by people of all age and has literary tradition

Question 6

vigorous language

Answer 6

in daily use by all ages, lacks literary tradition

Question 7

threatened language

Answer 7

used for face to face communication, but losing users

Question 8

dying language

Answer 8

still used by old people, but not being transmitted to children

Question 9

literary tradition

Answer 9

it is written and spoken

Question 10

language family

Answer 10

collection of languages related through common ancestral language that existed long before recorded history

Question 11

language branch

Answer 11

collection of languages related through common ancestral language that existed several thousand years ago, differences are not as extensive as familes

Question 12

language group

Answer 12

collection of languages within a branch that share common origin in relatively recent past and display many similarities in grammar and vocab

Question 13

language divergence

Answer 13

speakers of language scatter an develop variations of language to meet their needs

Question 14

lingua franca

Answer 14

language of international communication and trade

Question 15

logograms

Answer 15

symbols that represent words/meaningful parts of words

Question 16

toponym

Answer 16

place name that reflects culture/cultural landscape

Question 17

official language

Answer 17

used by government to enact legislation, publish documents, and conduct other public business

Question 18

working language

Answer 18

designated by international corporation as primary means for daily communication

Question 19

pidgin language

Answer 19

form of language that adopts simplified grammar and limited vocab of lingua franca, used for communication among two languages

Question 20

dialect

Answer 20

regional variation of language distinguished by distinctive vocab, spelling and pronuncitation

Question 21

standard language

Answer 21

dialect that is well established and widely recognized as the most acceptable for government, business, education, and mass communication

Question 22

monolingual states

Answer 22

country with 1 language spoken

Question 23

multilingual states

Answer 23

country with more than 1 language spoken

Question 24

isogloss

Answer 24

boundary that separates regions in which different languages are predominant

Question 25

creole language

Answer 25

language that results from mixing of a colonizers language with indigenous language of people being dominated

Question 26

mutual intelligibility

Answer 26

ability of people speaking in 2 ways to understand each other without prior familiarity or special effort

Question 27

endangered language

Answer 27

children are no longer learning, remaining speakers use less frequently

Question 28

sound shift

Answer 28

systematic change in pronunciation of a set of speech sounds as a language evolves

Question 29

nostratic

Answer 29

hypothetical prototounge of languages which principal members are indo-european, semitic, altaic, and dravidian families

Question 30

language convergence

Answer 30

2 or more languages become more similar overtime due to prolonged interactions

Question 31

proto Indo european

Answer 31

unrecorded language which all indo-european languages are thought to derive