HUG vocab chap 9

Question 1

dietary energy consumption

Answer 1

amount of food a person consumes

Question 2

food security

Answer 2

physical, social, and economic access at all times to nutritious food to meet needs and preferences for active/healthy lifestyle

Question 3

undernourishment

Answer 3

dietary energy consumption continuously below sufficient for healthy life and light exercise

Question 4

cereal grain

Answer 4

grass that yields grain for food

Question 5

agriculture

Answer 5

deliberate modification of earth through cultivation of plants and rearing of animals for sustenance or economic gain

Question 6

crop

Answer 6

any plant cultivated by people

Question 7

agricultural revolution

Answer 7

process that began when humans first domesticated plants and animals and no longer relied entirely on hunting and gathering

Question 8

subsistence agriculture

Answer 8

production of food primarily for consumption by farmer’s family

Question 9

commercial agriculture

Answer 9

production of cash crops primarily for sale off the farm

Question 10

cash crop

Answer 10

crop grown for sale rather than farmers own use

Question 11

primary economic activity

Answer 11

extracting things from the earth

Question 12

secondary economic activity

Answer 12

manufacturing/ processing raw materials

Question 13

tertiary economic activity

Answer 13

activity involving service (sell or exchange goods)

Question 14

quaternary economic activity

Answer 14

industry based on information, public administration, research and development

Question 15

quinary economic development

Answer 15

industry based on high levels of education and decision making

Question 16

intensive subsistence agriculture

Answer 16

form of subsistence ag where farmers put large amount of effort into producing max crop yield of given parcel of land

Question 17

crop rotation

Answer 17

rotating use of different fields from crop to crop to avoid exhausting the soil

Question 18

wet rice

Answer 18

rice planted on dry land then moved to flooded fields to promote growth

Question 19

sawah

Answer 19

flooded field for growing rice

Question 20

paddy

Answer 20

Malay word for wet rice, also used to describe a flooded field

Question 21

shifting cultivation

Answer 21

form of subsistence ag where people shift often from 1 field to another

Question 22

pastoral nomadism

Answer 22

form of subsistence ag where domestic animals are herded in places where planting crops is impossible

Question 23

plantation farming

Answer 23

large commercial farming that specializes in 1 or 2 crops

Question 24

aquaculture

Answer 24

cultivation of sea food under controlled conditions

Question 25

agribusiness

Answer 25

commercial ag with integration of different steps in food processing industry, usually through ownership by large corporation

Question 26

mono cropping

Answer 26

practice of growing the same crop year after year on same soil/farm

Question 27

horticulture

Answer 27

growing of fruits, vegetables, and flowers

Question 28

market gardening & fruit gardening

Answer 28

relatively small scale production of fruits, vegetables, and other horticulture

Question 29

truck farming

Answer 29

commercial gardening & fruit farming (farm produces fruit and veggies to be shipped and sold to market)

Question 30

ranching

Answer 30

commercial grazing of livestock over an extensive area

Question 31

dairy farm

Answer 31

specializes in production of milk and other dairy products

Question 32

milkshed

Answer 32

ring surrounding a city from which milk can be supplied without it spoiling

Question 33

mixed crop and livestock farming

Answer 33

integration of crops and livestock

Question 34

desertification

Answer 34

human actions that cause land to deteriorate to a desert like condition

Question 35

second agricultural revolution

Answer 35

increase in agricultural productivity through improvement of crop rotation and breeding of livestock

Question 36

green revolution

Answer 36

rapid diffusion of new ag technology especially new high yield seeds and fertilizers

Question 37

genetically modified organisms (GMO)

Answer 37

living organism that possesses novel combination of genetic material obtained through use of modern biotechnology

Question 38

organic agriculture

Answer 38

farming that depends on use of naturally occurring substances while prohibiting use of synthetic substances

Question 39

conservation tillage

Answer 39

method of soil cultivation that reduces soil erosion and runoff

Question 40

no tillage

Answer 40

leaves all soil undisturbed, entire residue of previous years harvest left untouched on field

Question 41

herbicide

Answer 41

chemical to control unwanted plants

Question 42

pesticide

Answer 42

substance to control pests, including weeds

Question 43

transhumance

Answer 43

seasonal migration of livestock between mountain and lowland pasture area

Question 44

third agricultural revolution

Answer 44

series of improvements in ag, industrializing ag and reducing world hunger

Question 45

metes and bounds survey system

Answer 45

uses straight lines and key geographic features to define property boundaries

Question 46

long lot survey system

Answer 46

uses long and narrow areas with transportation routes to define property boundaries

Question 47

rectangular survey system

Answer 47

uses grid of rectangular parcels to define property boundaries

Question 48

township and range survey system

Answer 48

uses lines of latitude and longitude to define property boundaries

Question 49

luxury crop

Answer 49

crop grown primarily for non essential consumption, rather for pleasure or aesthetic