HUG vocab unit 2 Flashcards
carrying capacity
max population size of a species the environment can sustain indefinitely, given available resources
overpopulation
number of people exceeds capacity of environment to support life at a decent standard of living
demography
scientific study of population characteristics
ecumene
portion of earth’s surface occupied by permanent human settlement
arithmetic density
total population divided by total land area
arable land
land suited for agriculture
physiological density
number of people per unit of arable land
agricultural density
ratio of number of farmers to the amount of arable land
natural increase rate
percentage by which the population grows in a year
doubling time
number of years needed to double population (assuming constant rate of natural increase)
crude birth rate
total number of live births in a year for every 1000 people alive in a society
total fertility rate
amount of births a woman can expect to have in fecudant years
infant mortality rate
annual number of deaths of infants under 1 y/o per 1,000 live births
crude death rate
total number of deaths in a year for every 1000 people alive in a society
demographic transition
process of change in a society s population from high crude birth/death rates and low rate of natural increase to low crude birth/death rates, lower natural increase and higher population
industrial revolution
series of improvements in industrial technology that transformed process of manufacturing goods
medical revolution
time where medical practices improved, death rates went down and higher life expectancys
maternal mortality rate
annual number of female deaths per 100,000 live births relating to pregnancy
zero population growth
decline of total fertility rate to the point where natural increase rate equals zero
life expectancy
average number of years a person is expected to live given social, economic, medical conditions
population pyramid
bar graph that displays percentage of place’s population for each gender and age
dependency ratio
number of people too old/young to work compared to number of people in productive years
potential support ratio
number of working people divided by number of 65+ people
epidemiology
study of how often diseases occur in different groups and why
epidemiologic transition
focuses on distinctive health threats in each stage of demographic transition
epidemic
widespread occurrence of an infectious disease in a community at a particular time
pandemic
epidemic that occurs over wide geographic area and affects very high proportion of the population at the same time
pronatalist policy
government policy that supports higher birth rates
antinatalist policy
government policy that supports lower birth rates
census
complete enumeration of a population
