HUG vocab unit 2

Question 1

carrying capacity

Answer 1

max population size of a species the environment can sustain indefinitely, given available resources

Question 2

overpopulation

Answer 2

number of people exceeds capacity of environment to support life at a decent standard of living

Question 3

demography

Answer 3

scientific study of population characteristics

Question 4

ecumene

Answer 4

portion of earth’s surface occupied by permanent human settlement

Question 5

arithmetic density

Answer 5

total population divided by total land area

Question 6

arable land

Answer 6

land suited for agriculture

Question 7

physiological density

Answer 7

number of people per unit of arable land

Question 8

agricultural density

Answer 8

ratio of number of farmers to the amount of arable land

Question 9

natural increase rate

Answer 9

percentage by which the population grows in a year

Question 10

doubling time

Answer 10

number of years needed to double population (assuming constant rate of natural increase)

Question 11

crude birth rate

Answer 11

total number of live births in a year for every 1000 people alive in a society

Question 12

total fertility rate

Answer 12

amount of births a woman can expect to have in fecudant years

Question 13

infant mortality rate

Answer 13

annual number of deaths of infants under 1 y/o per 1,000 live births

Question 14

crude death rate

Answer 14

total number of deaths in a year for every 1000 people alive in a society

Question 15

demographic transition

Answer 15

process of change in a society s population from high crude birth/death rates and low rate of natural increase to low crude birth/death rates, lower natural increase and higher population

Question 16

industrial revolution

Answer 16

series of improvements in industrial technology that transformed process of manufacturing goods

Question 17

medical revolution

Answer 17

time where medical practices improved, death rates went down and higher life expectancys

Question 18

maternal mortality rate

Answer 18

annual number of female deaths per 100,000 live births relating to pregnancy

Question 19

zero population growth

Answer 19

decline of total fertility rate to the point where natural increase rate equals zero

Question 20

life expectancy

Answer 20

average number of years a person is expected to live given social, economic, medical conditions

Question 21

population pyramid

Answer 21

bar graph that displays percentage of place’s population for each gender and age

Question 22

dependency ratio

Answer 22

number of people too old/young to work compared to number of people in productive years

Question 23

potential support ratio

Answer 23

number of working people divided by number of 65+ people

Question 24

epidemiology

Answer 24

study of how often diseases occur in different groups and why

Question 25

epidemiologic transition

Answer 25

focuses on distinctive health threats in each stage of demographic transition

Question 26

epidemic

Answer 26

widespread occurrence of an infectious disease in a community at a particular time

Question 27

pandemic

Answer 27

epidemic that occurs over wide geographic area and affects very high proportion of the population at the same time

Question 28

pronatalist policy

Answer 28

government policy that supports higher birth rates

Question 29

antinatalist policy

Answer 29

government policy that supports lower birth rates

Question 30

census

Answer 30

complete enumeration of a population