HUG vocab chap 11

Question 1

cottage industry

Answer 1

manufacturing based in homes, not in factories

Question 2

site factors

Answer 2

a place’s physical features that affect cost of production (land, labor, capital)

Question 3

labor intensive industry

Answer 3

wages and other compensation paid to employees constitute high percentage of expenses

Question 4

situation factors

Answer 4

location factors relating to relative location and transportation of materials into and out of the factory

Question 5

bulk reducing industry

Answer 5

industry where inputs weigh more than final product

Question 6

bulk gaining industry

Answer 6

something that gains weight during production

Question 7

break of bulk point

Answer 7

location where transfer among transportation modes is possible

Question 8

just in time delivery

Answer 8

shipment of parts and materials to arrive at factory moments before they are needed

Question 9

supply

Answer 9

quantity of something producers have available for sale

Question 10

demand

Answer 10

quantity people wish to consume and are able to buy

Question 11

fossil fuel

Answer 11

energy source formed from residue of plants and animals buried millions of years ago

Question 12

non renewable energy

Answer 12

resources with finite supply capable of being used

Question 13

potential reserve

Answer 13

supply in deposits that are undiscovered but thought to exist

Question 14

fission

Answer 14

splitting of atomic nucleus to release energy

Question 15

fusion

Answer 15

fusing of hydrogen nuclei to form helium atom to create energy

Question 16

renewable energy

Answer 16

source of energy with theoretical unlimited supply and is not depleted when used

Question 17

geothermal energy

Answer 17

energy from hot water or steam

Question 18

fordist production

Answer 18

production of consumer goods are at a single site

Question 19

agglomeration

Answer 19

clustering of like minded industries to share resources and markets

Question 20

friction of distance

Answer 20

the farther away something is, more time consuming and expensive

Question 21

locational interdependence

Answer 21

location of industry cannot be understood without reference to similar industries

Question 22

distance decay

Answer 22

influence of something decreases as distance between 2 points increases

Question 23

variable costs

Answer 23

costs that change depending on situation

Question 24

least cost theory

Answer 24

manufacturing plants locate where cost is least (transportation, labor, agglomeration)

Question 25

technopole

Answer 25

place were computer and technology companies agglomerate

Question 26

active solar energy

Answer 26

solar radiation captured with photovoltaic cells that convert light energy to electrical energy

Question 27

pollution

Answer 27

more waste is added to air, water, and land than those resources can handle

Question 28

air pollution

Answer 28

concentration of trace substances at greater level than occurs in average air

Question 29

point source pollution

Answer 29

pollution that enters body of water from specific source

Question 30

sanitary landfill

Answer 30

place to deposit solid waste, layer of earth put over garbage everyday to reduce emissions from trash

Question 31

recycling

Answer 31

separation, collection, processing, marketing, and reuse of unwanted materials

Question 32

remanufacturing

Answer 32

rebuilding of product to specifications of original manufactured product using reused, repaired and new parts

Question 33

new international division of labor

Answer 33

transfer of some jobs types, especially low paid, less skilled jobs from MDCs to LDCs

Question 34

outsourcing

Answer 34

turning over much of responsibility for production to independent suppliers

Question 35

vertical integration

Answer 35

company controls all phases of a highly complex production process

Question 36

maquiladora

Answer 36

factory built by US company in Mexico near border to take advantage of low labor cost in Mexico

Question 37

right to work law

Answer 37

US law, prevent unions and company from negotiating contract requiring worker to join union as condition of employment

Question 38

ozone

Answer 38

gas that absorbs ultraviolet solar radiation and found in stratosphere

Question 39

proven reserve

Answer 39

amount of resource left in discovered deposits

Question 40

post fordist production

Answer 40

adoption by companies of flexible work roles, such as allocation of workers to teams to perform variety of tasks

Question 41

deindustrialization

Answer 41

companies move industrial jobs to other regions

Question 42

sun belt

Answer 42

most of states in south and southwest US, area of rapid population and economic growth

Question 43

industrial revolution

Answer 43

period of major economic and social change by mechanizing

Question 44

offshore

Answer 44

practice of relocating business processes or production to another country often to reduce cost or improve efficiency

Question 45

primary industrial regions

Answer 45

specific regions where manufacturing and production activities are concentrated

Question 46

deglomeration

Answer 46

when industries that were previously agglomerated start to disperse due to rising costs or competition