HUG vocab chap 12 & 13

Question 1

service

Answer 1

any activity that fufills a human want/need and returns money to people who provide it

Question 2

consumer services

Answer 2

provide services to individual customer who desire them and can afford them

Question 3

business services

Answer 3

primarily to facilitate activities of any other businesses

Question 4

public services

Answer 4

provides security & protection to all citizens and businesses

Question 5

settlement

Answer 5

permanent collection of buildings where people reside, work, and obtain services

Question 6

central place theory

Answer 6

theory that explains distribution of services based on how settlements serve as centers of market areas for services

Question 7

central place

Answer 7

market center for exchange of goods and services by people attracted from surrounding area

Question 8

hinterland (market area)

Answer 8

area surrounding service where customers are attracted from

Question 9

range

Answer 9

max distance people are willing to travel for service

Question 10

threshold

Answer 10

minimum number of people needed to support a service

Question 11

rank size rule

Answer 11

pattern of settlements in country, the nth largest settlement is 1/n the population of the largest population

Question 12

primate city rule

Answer 12

largest settlement has more than twice the population than the second largest city

Question 13

primate city

Answer 13

largest settlement in the country, atleast 2x population of the second largest

Question 14

gravity model

Answer 14

predicts optimal location of a service is directly related to the number of people in the area and inversely related to the distance people must travel to access it

Question 15

food desert

Answer 15

area with limited access to affordable and nutritious food

Question 16

global city

Answer 16

major center for provision of services in global economy

Question 17

basic business

Answer 17

export primarily to customers outside of settlement

Question 18

non basic business

Answer 18

serve primarily to customers living in the settlement

Question 19

urbanization

Answer 19

process by which population of urban settlements increases

Question 20

megacity

Answer 20

urban settlement with total population of over 10 million

Question 21

metacity

Answer 21

urban settlement with total population of 20 million people

Question 22

economic base

Answer 22

community’s collection of basic businesses

Question 23

central city

Answer 23

urban settlement that has been legally incorporated into an independent, self governing unit

Question 24

urban area

Answer 24

consists of central city and its surrounding suburbs

Question 25

megalopolis

Answer 25

collection of adjacent or overlapping metropolitan areas that merge into 1 continuous urban region

Question 26

central business district

Answer 26

the area of a city where retail and office activities are clustered

Question 27

concentric zone model

Answer 27

model of internal structure of city where social groups are spatially arranged into a series of rings

Question 28

sector model

Answer 28

city model where social groups are arranged into wedges/sectors radiating out from CBD

Question 29

multiple nuclei model

Answer 29

model of city where social groups are arranged around a collection of nodes of activities

Question 30

galactic model

Answer 30

model of N American urban areas consisting of inner city surrounded by larger suburbs and business areas tied together by a beltway/ ring road

Question 31

edge city

Answer 31

node of office and retail activities on edge of urban area

Question 32

census tract

Answer 32

area delineated by US bureau of census for which stats are published; in urban areas, census tracts correspond roughly to neighborhoods

Question 33

informal settlement

Answer 33

residential area where housing built on land where occupants do not have legal claim or has not been built to city standards for legal buildings

Question 34

annexation

Answer 34

process of legally adding land to a city

Question 35

suburb

Answer 35

residential or commercial area situated within urban area but outside of central city

Question 36

sprawl

Answer 36

development of suburbs at low density and at locations that aren't contiguous to existing built up area

Question 37

smart growth

Answer 37

legislation and regulation to limit suburban growth and preserve farmland

Question 38

gentrification

Answer 38

process of converting urban neighborhood from low income, renter occupied area to a middle class, owner occupied area

Question 39

public housing

Answer 39

government owned housing rented to low income people

Question 40

forward (thrust) capital

Answer 40

process of placing capital city in underdeveloped area to develop it

Question 41

zoning

Answer 41

creating maps with regulation specifying type of land use and intensity of land use in certain areas

Question 42

self construction

Answer 42

unsafe housing built from anything they can find on land they don't own/rent, no gov. regulation

Question 43

ghettoization

Answer 43

segregating a group of people, often based on race, into a confined neighborhood/area

Question 44

redlining

Answer 44

banks creating color coded maps based on race to give or deny loans

Question 45

blockbusting

Answer 45

tactic of real estate agents convincing white people to move out of neighborhood because minorities will be moving in and lower property values

Question 46

green belts

Answer 46

areas where homes/businesses are unable to develop, land is left untouched

Question 47

exurb

Answer 47

settlement outside suburbs of a city, with low density housing and have a long commute to city

Question 48

boomburb

Answer 48

large, rapidly growing city, suburban in character but population resembles urban city

Question 49

new urbanism

Answer 49

urban planning movement that promotes walkable, mixed use neighborhoods and sustainable development

Question 50

mixed development

Answer 50

urban planning that combines residential, commercial and industrial spaces in 1 area

Question 51

urban morphology

Answer 51

study of physical shape and structure of an urban area

Question 52

conurbation

Answer 52

many cities put together into 1 metropolitan region/area

Question 53

site

Answer 53

physical characteristics of where a city is located including climate and resources

Question 54

situation

Answer 54

city's location relative to natural features, transportation routes and other urban centers