HTN Flashcards
What is after load?
systemic vascular resistance
What is after load?
systemic vascular resistance
How does HTN affect the heart?
the resistance increases –> the heart has to work very hard (esp the LV) to get the blood out d/t the HTN –> LV gets big –> heart failure
What are RF that can contribute to HTN?
renal artery stenosis thyroid probs coarctation of aorta cocaine sleep apnea
What organs are effected with HTN?
hemorrhage
eyes
heart - aortic dissection , CHF, MI, CAD
kidneys - failure
What is considered pre HTN? Stage I? Stage II?
preHTN: 140/90
stage I: 160/100
stage II: 160+/100+
What would you see in the eye for HTN?
early - nicking and cotton wool spots –> hemorrhages and exudates
What to check for kidneys?
GFR
How to dx HTN?
2 readings
What HTN drugs are contraindicated in pregnancy?
thiazides
ACE
CCB
ARBS
What HTN drugs are OK in pregnancy?
B blockers
hydralazine
How to tx HTN?
first line - thiazides B blockers ACE-I ARBs CCB alpha blockers - decrease arteriolar resistance
If pt has HTN + DM?
ACE-I
What to caution pts taking anti HTN meds?
can cause hyperlipidemia
What are the normal numbers for total cholesterol? LDL? triglycerides?
total cholesterol
What are bad numbers for total cholesterol? LDL? triglycerides?
total cholesterol: 240
LDL >160
triglycerides >250
What are PE for hyperlipidemia?
xanthelasma - yellow plaques on eyes
xanthoma - yellow masses on tendons
pnacreatitis
What lab should be monitored in pts taking statins?
ALT and AST
What drugs are HMG COA reductase inhibitors and what is the potency level?
statins!
fluvastatin
What does HMG COA reductase inhibitors DO re: LDL, HDL, TG?
lowers LDL - no effect on HDL and TG
What drug lowers TG, LDL, and increases HDL? Avoid in? ADR?
niacin
avoid in DM pts
flushing
What does bile acid binding resins do?
lowers LDL
increases TG
use together w/ statin or niacin in severe HTN
What drug is good for lowering TG levels?
fibrates
How does HTN affect the heart?
the resistance increases –> the heart has to work very hard (esp the LV) to get the blood out d/t the HTN –> LV gets big –> heart failure
What are RF that can contribute to HTN?
renal artery stenosis thyroid probs coarctation of aorta cocaine sleep apnea
What organs are effected with HTN?
hemorrhage
eyes
heart - aortic dissection , CHF, MI, CAD
kidneys - failure
What is considered pre HTN? Stage I? Stage II?
preHTN: 140/90
stage I: 160/100
stage II: 160+/100+
What would you see in the eye for HTN?
early - nicking and cotton wool spots –> hemorrhages and exudates
What to check for kidneys?
GFR
How to dx HTN?
2 readings
What HTN drugs are contraindicated in pregnancy?
thiazides
ACE
CCB
ARBS
What HTN drugs are OK in pregnancy?
B blockers
hydralazine
How to tx HTN?
first line - thiazides B blockers ACE-I ARBs CCB alpha blockers - decrease arteriolar resistance
If pt has HTN + DM?
ACE-I
What to caution pts taking anti HTN meds?
can cause hyperlipidemia
What are the normal numbers for total cholesterol? LDL? triglycerides?
total cholesterol
What are bad numbers for total cholesterol? LDL? triglycerides?
total cholesterol: 240
LDL >160
triglycerides >250
What it is goal LDL in DM?
less than 100
What is goal for LDL in DM + CAD?
less than 70
What are PE for hyperlipidemia?
xanthelasma - yellow plaques on eyes
xanthoma - yellow masses on tendons
pnacreatitis
What lab should be monitored in pts taking statins?
ALT and AST
What drugs are HMG COA reductase inhibitors and what is the potency level?
statins!
fluvastatin
What does HMG COA reductase inhibitors DO re: LDL, HDL, TG?
lowers LDL - no effect on HDL and TG
What drug lowers TG, LDL, and increases HDL? Avoid in? ADR?
niacin
avoid in DM pts
flushing
What does bile acid binding resins do?
lowers LDL
increases TG
use together w/ statin or niacin in severe HTN
What drug is good for lowering TG levels?
fibrates
