HTN Flashcards
What is HTN?
SBP >140
DBP >90
What is the cause of Primary/Essential HTN?
There is no known cause
What causes Secondary HTN?
Certain Disease States:
1. Kidney Disease
Medications
What are 2 Major Regulatory Mechanisms that Control HTN?
- Baroreceptors in Carotid Sinus, Aorta & Left Ventricle
a. Control BP by Altering HR
b. Activate Vasoconstriction or Dilation - Kidneys Retain Fluid if Hypotensive Excrete Fluid When Hypertensive.
a. Renin-Angiotensin System
What are Prehypertensive Values?
What are these pt’s. taught?
SBP 120 - 139
DBP 80 - 89
Lifestyle Changes are Necessary to Help Prevent Cardiovascular Disease
What are the 4 Main Organs Affected by Prolonged Untreated HTN?
- Heart
- Brain
- Kidneys
- Eyes
What Part of the Heart is Most Effected as the Heart Pumps Against Resistance Caused by HTN?
The Left Ventricle Hypertrophy’s
What are some Teaching that can Help Prevent Heart Disease & Promote Health?
- Maintain <30 BMI
- DM pt. should keep BG levels within recommended range
- Limit Caffeine & Alcohol
- Use Stress Management Techniques
- Smoking Cessation
6*Exercise @ Least TIW (3 Times a Week)
What are some Main Modifiable Risk Factors That Lead to Primary HTN?
- Excessive Na Intake
- Physical Inactivity
- Obesity
- High Alcohol Consumption
- Hyperlipidemia
- Stress
What are some Unmodifiable Risk Factors That Lead to Primary HTN?
- African America
2. Family Hx
What are Risk Factors That Lead to Secondary HTN?
1** Kidney Disease** 2** Cushing's Disease** 3. Aldosteronism (Causes HTN & Hypokalemia) 4. Pheochromocytoma 5** Brain Tumors or Encephalitis** 6. Medications: a* Estrogen** b* Steroids** c. Sympathomimetics
What are some Main Chief Complaints by the Pt. with HTN?
1** May have no symptoms till Organ Failure Occurs**
- Headaches, Esp. in Morning
- Dizziness
- Fainting
- Visual Disturbances
- Nocturia
When a BP Reading is Elevated What Should Nurse Do Next?
- Check Again
- Take in Both Arms
- Take Orthostatic BP
a. Lying
b. Sitting
c. Standing
What are the Values for Primary HTN?
SBP 140 - 159
DBP 90 - 99
What are the Values for Secondary HTN?
SBP > 160
DBP > 100
What are some Lab Tests to ID HTN?
Non… But Several Can ID the Cause of Secondary HTN & TARGET ORGAN DAMAGE!
- BUN & Creatinine Elevation = Kidney Disease
a. BUN Elevation > 20 &
b. Creatinine Elevation > 1.2 - Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR)
a. Volume of fluid filtered through kidneys
b. Elevated > 60 = High Cardiac Output!
What are some Diagnostic Tests r/t HTN?
- EKG Evaluates Cardiac Function
a. Tall R waves in Left Ventricular Hypertrophy - CXR
a. Cardiomegaly
What are some pt. Teaching r/t HTN?
- Factors that Increase Risk for HTN
- Lifestyle Changes - Wt reduction, Smoking Cessation
- To Report Manifestations of Electrolyte Imbalance
- Importance to Adhering to Medications
- Resources to Pay for Meds
What are the Safest Medications to Give Pt. With HTN?
- Diuretics
What Should I teach the Pt. With HTN About Nutrition?
- Decrease Sodium
- A Diet Should be Low in Saturated Fat & Cholesterol
- Decrease Alcohol Intake
- Increase Fruits & Vegetables & Low-Fat Dairy
What is Hypertensive Crisis?
Occurs when pt. does not follow medication regimen
What are some Nursing Actions for Hypertensive Crisis?
- Recognize Clinical Manifestations:
a. Severe Headache
b. SBP > 180 & DBP > 120
c. Blurred Vision, Dizziness, Disorientation
d. Epistaxis - Administer Antihypertensive Medications
- Monitor BP
- Assess Neurological Status
- Monitor EKG
How Should BP Be Dropped In HTN Crisis?
Slowly to Avoid Shock
