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N3 Cardiac > HTN > Flashcards

HTN Flashcards

1
Q

What is HTN?

A

SBP >140

DBP >90

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2
Q

What is the cause of Primary/Essential HTN?

A

There is no known cause

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3
Q

What causes Secondary HTN?

A

Certain Disease States:
1. Kidney Disease
Medications

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4
Q

What are 2 Major Regulatory Mechanisms that Control HTN?

A
  1. Baroreceptors in Carotid Sinus, Aorta & Left Ventricle
    a. Control BP by Altering HR
    b. Activate Vasoconstriction or Dilation
  2. Kidneys Retain Fluid if Hypotensive Excrete Fluid When Hypertensive.
    a. Renin-Angiotensin System
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5
Q

What are Prehypertensive Values?

What are these pt’s. taught?

A

SBP 120 - 139
DBP 80 - 89
Lifestyle Changes are Necessary to Help Prevent Cardiovascular Disease

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6
Q

What are the 4 Main Organs Affected by Prolonged Untreated HTN?

A
  1. Heart
  2. Brain
  3. Kidneys
  4. Eyes
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7
Q

What Part of the Heart is Most Effected as the Heart Pumps Against Resistance Caused by HTN?

A

The Left Ventricle Hypertrophy’s

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8
Q

What are some Teaching that can Help Prevent Heart Disease & Promote Health?

A
  1. Maintain <30 BMI
  2. DM pt. should keep BG levels within recommended range
  3. Limit Caffeine & Alcohol
  4. Use Stress Management Techniques
  5. Smoking Cessation
    6*Exercise @ Least TIW (3 Times a Week)
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9
Q

What are some Main Modifiable Risk Factors That Lead to Primary HTN?

A
  1. Excessive Na Intake
  2. Physical Inactivity
  3. Obesity
  4. High Alcohol Consumption
  5. Hyperlipidemia
  6. Stress
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10
Q

What are some Unmodifiable Risk Factors That Lead to Primary HTN?

A
  1. African America

2. Family Hx

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11
Q

What are Risk Factors That Lead to Secondary HTN?

A 
1** Kidney Disease**
2** Cushing's Disease**
3. Aldosteronism (Causes HTN & Hypokalemia)
4. Pheochromocytoma 
5** Brain Tumors or Encephalitis**
6. Medications:
a* Estrogen**
b* Steroids**
c. Sympathomimetics
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12
Q

What are some Main Chief Complaints by the Pt. with HTN?

A

1** May have no symptoms till Organ Failure Occurs**

  1. Headaches, Esp. in Morning
  2. Dizziness
  3. Fainting
  4. Visual Disturbances
  5. Nocturia
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13
Q

When a BP Reading is Elevated What Should Nurse Do Next?

A
  1. Check Again
  2. Take in Both Arms
  3. Take Orthostatic BP
    a. Lying
    b. Sitting
    c. Standing
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14
Q

What are the Values for Primary HTN?

A

SBP 140 - 159

DBP 90 - 99

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15
Q

What are the Values for Secondary HTN?

A

SBP > 160

DBP > 100

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16
Q

What are some Lab Tests to ID HTN?

A

Non… But Several Can ID the Cause of Secondary HTN & TARGET ORGAN DAMAGE!

  1. BUN & Creatinine Elevation = Kidney Disease
    a. BUN Elevation > 20 &
    b. Creatinine Elevation > 1.2
  2. Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR)
    a. Volume of fluid filtered through kidneys
    b. Elevated > 60 = High Cardiac Output!
17
Q

What are some Diagnostic Tests r/t HTN?

A
  1. EKG Evaluates Cardiac Function
    a. Tall R waves in Left Ventricular Hypertrophy
  2. CXR
    a. Cardiomegaly
18
Q

What are some pt. Teaching r/t HTN?

A
  1. Factors that Increase Risk for HTN
  2. Lifestyle Changes - Wt reduction, Smoking Cessation
  3. To Report Manifestations of Electrolyte Imbalance
  4. Importance to Adhering to Medications
  5. Resources to Pay for Meds
19
Q

What are the Safest Medications to Give Pt. With HTN?

A
  1. Diuretics
20
Q

What Should I teach the Pt. With HTN About Nutrition?

A
  1. Decrease Sodium
  2. A Diet Should be Low in Saturated Fat & Cholesterol
  3. Decrease Alcohol Intake
  4. Increase Fruits & Vegetables & Low-Fat Dairy
21
Q

What is Hypertensive Crisis?

A

Occurs when pt. does not follow medication regimen

22
Q

What are some Nursing Actions for Hypertensive Crisis?

A
  1. Recognize Clinical Manifestations:
    a. Severe Headache
    b. SBP > 180 & DBP > 120
    c. Blurred Vision, Dizziness, Disorientation
    d. Epistaxis
  2. Administer Antihypertensive Medications
  3. Monitor BP
  4. Assess Neurological Status
  5. Monitor EKG
23
Q

How Should BP Be Dropped In HTN Crisis?

A

Slowly to Avoid Shock

N3 Cardiac (12 decks)

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