Angina/Myocardial Infarction

Question 0

What is the most important thing to do in early recognition MI?

Answer 0

Early recognition and seeking treatment to prevent death

Question 1

What is angina pectoris an “impending” sign for?

Answer 1

Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI)

Question 2

How is angina characterized? (Clinical Manifestations)?

Answer 2

Blood flow is compromised & ischemia causes chest pain.
Described as:
Tight squeezing
Heavy pressure
Constricting feeling in chest
Pain can radiate to jaw, neck or arm

Question 3

What is stable angina?

Answer 3

Occurs with exercise or emotional stress & is relieved by rest or Nitroglycerin

Question 4

What is unstable angina?

Answer 4

Occurs with exercise or emotional stress, but increases in occurrence, severity & duration.

Question 5

What is variant angina?

Answer 5

Due to coronary artery spasm, often occurs during rest.

Question 6

How do I know I’m having an MI & not angina?

Answer 6

1. Pain is unrelieved by rest
2. Pain unrelieved by nitroglycerin
3. Pain lasting for more than 15 minutes

Question 7

What is released after ischemic injury to the cardiac muscle?

Answer 7

Cardiac enzymes released into blood stream providing specific markers of an MI

Question 8

Angina is precipitated by…?

Answer 8

Exertion or stress

Question 9

MI is precipitated by…?

Answer 9

Can occur without cause, often in the morning after rest

Question 10

Angina can be relieved by…?

Answer 10

Rest or Nitroglycerin

Question 11

MI can be relieved by…?

Answer 11

Only by opioids

Question 12

How long do symptoms last in an anginal attack?

Answer 12

Less than 15 minutes

Question 13

How long do symptoms last in an AMI?

Answer 13

More than 15-30 minutes

Question 14

What are some S/S r/t MI that you will not find in an anginal attack?

Answer 14

1. Nausea
2. Epigastric distress
3. dyspnea
4. Anxiety
5. Diaphoresis

Question 15

What are some risk factors r/t angina or MI?

Answer 15

Male
HTN
Tobacco
Hyperlipidemia 
DM/Hyperthyroidism
Meth/cocaine use
Stress

Question 16

What are some clinical manifestations for pt. Having AMI?

Answer 16

Pallor & cool & clammy skin
Tachycardia/heart palpitations
Diaphoresis
Vomiting
ALOC

Question 17

What are the cardiac enzymes released during cardiac injury? Earliest to lastly released?

Answer 17

1. Myoglobin- cardiac/skeletal muscle. Levels disappear after 24 hours
2. Creatinine Kinase MB- peaks @24 hrs. After onset of chest pain. Diss appears after 3 days
3. Troponin 1-any positive value indicates damage & should be reported.