Htn Flashcards
What is the definition of hypertension in children?
Systolic and/or diastolic BP > 95th percentile for age, sex, and height on at least 3 occasions.
What is considered normal blood pressure in children?
Less than the 90th percentile.
What is pre-hypertension in children?
Blood pressure between the 90th and 95th percentiles.
What is stage 1 hypertension in children?
Blood pressure between the 95th percentile and the 95th percentile plus 5 mmHg.
What is stage 2 hypertension in children?
Blood pressure more than the 99 percentile plus 5 mmHg.
What is the correct bladder width for measuring blood pressure in children?
Should cover about 70% of the upper arm length.
Why is it important to use the correct cuff size when measuring blood pressure?
Using the wrong cuff size can lead to incorrect BP readings.
Why should blood pressure be measured in both arms and legs in children?
To rule out coarctation of the aorta.
How many separate office visits should blood pressure be measured to diagnose hypertension?
At least 3 separate office visits.
What are some renal causes of hypertension in children?
Diabetic nephropathy, polycystic kidney disease (PCK), and chronic kidney disease (CKD).
What is a common vascular cause of hypertension in children?
Renal artery stenosis.
What endocrine condition can cause hypertension in children?
Adrenal hyperfunctions such as Cushing’s syndrome and hyperaldosteronism (Conn’s syndrome).
What is a medullary cause of hypertension in children?
Phaeochromocytoma, which can cause paroxysmal hypertension and palpitations.
What medications can cause hypertension in children?
Corticosteroids and cyclosporine.
What is the significance of measuring blood pressure in both arms?
To detect differences that may indicate coarctation of the aorta.
What is the significance of measuring blood pressure in the legs?
To detect differences that may indicate coarctation of the aorta.
What is the role of the bladder length in blood pressure measurement?
It should encircle the arm completely for accurate measurement.
What is the significance of chronic nephritis in hypertension?
It can lead to chronic kidney disease, which is a cause of hypertension.
What is the significance of gout in hypertension?
It can be associated with chronic nephritis, leading to hypertension.
What is the significance of amyloidosis in hypertension?
It can cause chronic nephritis, leading to hypertension.
What is the significance of diabetic nephropathy in hypertension?
It is a common cause of hypertension in children with diabetes.
What is the significance of polycystic kidney disease in hypertension?
It can lead to chronic kidney disease, which is a cause of hypertension.
What is the significance of chronic pyelonephritis in hypertension?
It can lead to chronic kidney disease, which is a cause of hypertension.
What is the significance of renal artery stenosis in hypertension?
It is a vascular cause of hypertension due to reduced blood flow to the kidneys.
What is the significance of Cushing’s syndrome in hypertension?
It is an adrenal hyperfunction that can cause hypertension.
What is the significance of hyperaldosteronism in hypertension?
It is an adrenal hyperfunction that can cause hypertension.
What is the significance of phaeochromocytoma in hypertension?
It is a medullary cause of hypertension that can cause paroxysmal hypertension and palpitations.
What is the significance of corticosteroids in hypertension?
They can cause hypertension as a side effect.
What is the significance of cyclosporine in hypertension?
It can cause hypertension as a side effect.
What is the significance of coarctation of the aorta in hypertension?
It can cause differences in blood pressure between the arms and legs.
What is the significance of chronic kidney disease in hypertension?
It is a common cause of hypertension in children.
