Asd Flashcards
What is Atrial Septal Defect (ASD)?
A congenital heart defect where there is a hole in the septum between the atria.
What are the types of ASD?
Ostium secundum, ostium primum, sinus venosus, and endocardial cushion defect.
What is the most common type of ASD?
Ostium secundum, accounting for 80% of cases.
Where is the ostium secundum ASD located?
In the upper part of the septum at the site of the fossa ovale.
What is the significance of ostium primum ASD?
It is more severe and often associated with mitral regurgitation.
What is the location of ostium primum ASD?
In the lower part of the septum.
What is sinus venosus ASD?
A defect near the opening of the superior vena cava.
What is endocardial cushion defect?
A defect in the middle of the heart, often associated with Down syndrome.
What are the hemodynamic effects of ASD?
Blood shunts from the left atrium to the right atrium, causing increased pulmonary blood flow and right ventricular hypertrophy.
What are the symptoms of secundum ASD?
Often asymptomatic, may present later with arrhythmias or heart failure.
What are the symptoms of primum ASD?
Forehead sweating with feeding difficulties, fatigue, and recurrent chest infections.
What is a characteristic murmur in secundum ASD?
Wide fixed splitting of S2.
What is a characteristic murmur in primum ASD?
Soft systolic murmur propagated to the axilla, often with mitral regurgitation.
What are complications of ASD?
Heart failure, arrhythmias, recurrent chest infections, and pulmonary hypertension.
What is the significance of pulmonary hypertension in ASD?
It indicates increased pressure in the lungs, which can lead to shunt reversal and cyanosis.
What is Eisenmenger syndrome in ASD?
A condition where shunt reversal causes cyanosis due to severe pulmonary hypertension.
What is the role of echocardiography in ASD diagnosis?
It can detect the size and location of the defect and assess heart function.
What is the treatment for ASD?
Includes medical management, surgical correction, and catheter-based interventions.
What prophylactic measures are taken for ASD?
Antibiotics like amoxicillin to prevent infective endocarditis before interventions.
What is the role of diuretics in ASD management?
They help reduce fluid overload and symptoms of heart failure.
What is the role of ACE inhibitors in ASD treatment?
They help manage heart failure by reducing afterload.
What is the significance of surgical correction in ASD?
It is necessary for primum ASD and complete atrioventricular canal defects.
What is the role of catheter-based interventions in ASD?
They offer a less invasive method to close the defect using occlusion devices.
What is the significance of recurrent chest infections in ASD?
They indicate increased pulmonary blood flow and risk of complications.
What is the role of oxygen therapy in ASD management?
It improves oxygenation and reduces the heart’s workload.
What is the significance of right ventricular hypertrophy in ASD?
It indicates volume overload and potential heart failure.
What is the role of echocardiography in monitoring ASD?
It provides ongoing assessment of heart structure and function.
What is the significance of infective endocarditis prophylaxis in ASD?
It is crucial for preventing serious infections in patients with heart defects.
What is the role of antibiotics in preventing infective endocarditis?
They are given before certain procedures to prevent bacterial infections.
What is the significance of heart failure in ASD?
It is a common complication that requires prompt treatment.
What is the role of diuretics in managing heart failure in ASD?
They help reduce fluid overload and improve symptoms.
What is the significance of oxygen therapy in ASD management?
It improves oxygenation and reduces the heart’s workload.
What is the role of proper antibiotics in treating chest infections in ASD?
They ensure effective treatment and prevent complications.
What is the significance of surgical treatment in ASD?
It is necessary for large defects causing significant symptoms or complications.
What is the role of pulmonary artery banding in ASD treatment?
It can reduce pulmonary blood flow in cases of multiple defects.
What is the significance of Eisenmenger syndrome in ASD prognosis?
It represents a severe, irreversible complication with poor prognosis.
What is the role of heart and lung transplantation in severe ASD?
It is a last resort for patients with irreversible pulmonary hypertension.
