Aortic Coarticatio Flashcards
What is Aortic Coarctation?
A localized narrowing of the aorta, often distal to the left subclavian artery.
Where can Aortic Coarctation occur?
It can occur anywhere from the aortic arch to the iliac arteries.
What are the types of Aortic Coarctation?
Pre-ductal, ductal, and post-ductal.
What are the hemodynamic effects of Aortic Coarctation?
Decreased blood flow to the lower body, increased blood flow to the upper body, and left ventricular hypertrophy.
What is the significance of left ventricular hypertrophy in Aortic Coarctation?
It indicates increased afterload and potential heart failure.
What are collaterals in Aortic Coarctation?
Blood vessels that develop to bypass the narrowed aorta, often in the inter-scapular and intercostal spaces.
What is the role of collaterals in Aortic Coarctation?
They divert blood from the upper body to the lower body to compensate for the narrowing.
What are the symptoms of mild Aortic Coarctation?
Often asymptomatic, discovered accidentally during routine examination.
What are the symptoms of severe Aortic Coarctation?
Headache, blurring of vision, heart failure in infancy, feeding difficulties, and failure to thrive.
What is the significance of weak femoral pulse in Aortic Coarctation?
It indicates decreased blood flow to the lower body.
What is the significance of strong radial pulse in Aortic Coarctation?
It indicates increased blood flow to the upper body.
What is radio-femoral delay in Aortic Coarctation?
A condition where the femoral pulse is weaker and delayed compared to the radial pulse.
What are the complications of Aortic Coarctation?
Heart failure, infective endocarditis, hypertension, and intracranial hemorrhage.
What is the significance of heart failure in Aortic Coarctation?
It is a common complication due to increased afterload on the left ventricle.
What is the role of echocardiography in Aortic Coarctation diagnosis?
It is essential for diagnosing the location and severity of the coarctation.
What is the treatment for Aortic Coarctation?
Surgical coarctectomy, intravascular stent insertion, and balloon angioplasty.
What is coarctectomy?
Surgical resection of the narrowed segment of the aorta with anastomosis of the two ends.
What is the role of balloon angioplasty in Aortic Coarctation?
It can be used to treat restenosis after initial treatment.
What is the significance of rib notching on X-ray in Aortic Coarctation?
It indicates the presence of collateral circulation.
What is the role of ECG in Aortic Coarctation diagnosis?
It may show left ventricular hypertrophy.
What is the significance of systemic hypertension in Aortic Coarctation?
It indicates increased blood pressure in the upper body due to the narrowing.
What is the role of blood pressure monitoring in Aortic Coarctation?
It helps assess the severity and monitor treatment effectiveness.
What is the significance of intracranial hemorrhage in Aortic Coarctation?
It is a dangerous complication due to high blood pressure in the upper body.
What is the role of diuretics in managing heart failure in Aortic Coarctation?
They help reduce fluid overload and improve symptoms.
What is the significance of infective endocarditis in Aortic Coarctation?
It is a serious infection that can damage heart valves and tissues.
What is the role of antibiotics in preventing infective endocarditis?
They are given before certain procedures to prevent bacterial infections.
What is the significance of feeding difficulties in infants with Aortic Coarctation?
It indicates heart failure and poor cardiac output.
What is the role of oxygen therapy in Aortic Coarctation management?
It improves oxygenation and reduces the heart’s workload.
What is the significance of growth retardation in Aortic Coarctation?
It indicates chronic low cardiac output and poor perfusion.
What is the role of surgical treatment in Aortic Coarctation?
It is necessary to relieve the obstruction and prevent complications.
What is the significance of left ventricular hypertrophy on ECG?
It indicates increased afterload and potential heart failure.
What is the role of collaterals in compensating for Aortic Coarctation?
They help maintain blood flow to the lower body despite the narrowing.
What is the significance of rib notching on X-ray?
It indicates the presence of collateral circulation due to chronic coarctation.
What is the role of echocardiography in monitoring Aortic Coarctation?
It provides ongoing assessment of the aorta and heart function.
What is the significance of systemic hypertension in the upper limbs?
It indicates increased blood pressure due to the coarctation.
What is the role of blood pressure monitoring in managing Aortic Coarctation?
It helps assess the severity and monitor treatment effectiveness.
What is a sign of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) in Aortic Coarctation?
Strong apical pulsations.
What is a systolic thrill in Aortic Coarctation?
A palpable vibration over the left parasternal area.
What is the significance of an accentuated S2 in Aortic Coarctation?
It indicates systemic hypertension.
What are the characteristics of the murmur in Aortic Coarctation?
Harsh systolic murmur along the left sternal border, maximum intensity at the 3rd and 4th left spaces.
Where does the murmur in Aortic Coarctation propagate?
It selectively propagates to the inter-scapular area.
What is the significance of weak femoral pulse in Aortic Coarctation?
It indicates decreased blood flow to the lower body.
What is the significance of strong radial pulse in Aortic Coarctation?
It indicates increased blood flow to the upper body.
What is radio-femoral delay in Aortic Coarctation?
A condition where the femoral pulse is weaker and delayed compared to the radial pulse.
What are the blood pressure findings in Aortic Coarctation?
Low blood pressure in the lower limbs and high blood pressure in the upper limbs.
What is the normal timing of femoral and radial pulses?
Normally, the femoral pulse occurs slightly before the radial pulse.
