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Cardio > Aortic Coarticatio > Flashcards

Aortic Coarticatio Flashcards

1
Q

What is Aortic Coarctation?

A

A localized narrowing of the aorta, often distal to the left subclavian artery.

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2
Q

Where can Aortic Coarctation occur?

A

It can occur anywhere from the aortic arch to the iliac arteries.

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3
Q

What are the types of Aortic Coarctation?

A

Pre-ductal, ductal, and post-ductal.

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4
Q

What are the hemodynamic effects of Aortic Coarctation?

A

Decreased blood flow to the lower body, increased blood flow to the upper body, and left ventricular hypertrophy.

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5
Q

What is the significance of left ventricular hypertrophy in Aortic Coarctation?

A

It indicates increased afterload and potential heart failure.

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6
Q

What are collaterals in Aortic Coarctation?

A

Blood vessels that develop to bypass the narrowed aorta, often in the inter-scapular and intercostal spaces.

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7
Q

What is the role of collaterals in Aortic Coarctation?

A

They divert blood from the upper body to the lower body to compensate for the narrowing.

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8
Q

What are the symptoms of mild Aortic Coarctation?

A

Often asymptomatic, discovered accidentally during routine examination.

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9
Q

What are the symptoms of severe Aortic Coarctation?

A

Headache, blurring of vision, heart failure in infancy, feeding difficulties, and failure to thrive.

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10
Q

What is the significance of weak femoral pulse in Aortic Coarctation?

A

It indicates decreased blood flow to the lower body.

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11
Q

What is the significance of strong radial pulse in Aortic Coarctation?

A

It indicates increased blood flow to the upper body.

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12
Q

What is radio-femoral delay in Aortic Coarctation?

A

A condition where the femoral pulse is weaker and delayed compared to the radial pulse.

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13
Q

What are the complications of Aortic Coarctation?

A

Heart failure, infective endocarditis, hypertension, and intracranial hemorrhage.

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14
Q

What is the significance of heart failure in Aortic Coarctation?

A

It is a common complication due to increased afterload on the left ventricle.

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15
Q

What is the role of echocardiography in Aortic Coarctation diagnosis?

A

It is essential for diagnosing the location and severity of the coarctation.

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16
Q

What is the treatment for Aortic Coarctation?

A

Surgical coarctectomy, intravascular stent insertion, and balloon angioplasty.

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17
Q

What is coarctectomy?

A

Surgical resection of the narrowed segment of the aorta with anastomosis of the two ends.

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18
Q

What is the role of balloon angioplasty in Aortic Coarctation?

A

It can be used to treat restenosis after initial treatment.

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19
Q

What is the significance of rib notching on X-ray in Aortic Coarctation?

A

It indicates the presence of collateral circulation.

20
Q

What is the role of ECG in Aortic Coarctation diagnosis?

A

It may show left ventricular hypertrophy.

21
Q

What is the significance of systemic hypertension in Aortic Coarctation?

A

It indicates increased blood pressure in the upper body due to the narrowing.

22
Q

What is the role of blood pressure monitoring in Aortic Coarctation?

A

It helps assess the severity and monitor treatment effectiveness.

23
Q

What is the significance of intracranial hemorrhage in Aortic Coarctation?

A

It is a dangerous complication due to high blood pressure in the upper body.

24
Q

What is the role of diuretics in managing heart failure in Aortic Coarctation?

A

They help reduce fluid overload and improve symptoms.

25
Q

What is the significance of infective endocarditis in Aortic Coarctation?

A

It is a serious infection that can damage heart valves and tissues.

26
Q

What is the role of antibiotics in preventing infective endocarditis?

A

They are given before certain procedures to prevent bacterial infections.

27
Q

What is the significance of feeding difficulties in infants with Aortic Coarctation?

A

It indicates heart failure and poor cardiac output.

28
Q

What is the role of oxygen therapy in Aortic Coarctation management?

A

It improves oxygenation and reduces the heart’s workload.

29
Q

What is the significance of growth retardation in Aortic Coarctation?

A

It indicates chronic low cardiac output and poor perfusion.

30
Q

What is the role of surgical treatment in Aortic Coarctation?

A

It is necessary to relieve the obstruction and prevent complications.

31
Q

What is the significance of left ventricular hypertrophy on ECG?

A

It indicates increased afterload and potential heart failure.

32
Q

What is the role of collaterals in compensating for Aortic Coarctation?

A

They help maintain blood flow to the lower body despite the narrowing.

33
Q

What is the significance of rib notching on X-ray?

A

It indicates the presence of collateral circulation due to chronic coarctation.

34
Q

What is the role of echocardiography in monitoring Aortic Coarctation?

A

It provides ongoing assessment of the aorta and heart function.

35
Q

What is the significance of systemic hypertension in the upper limbs?

A

It indicates increased blood pressure due to the coarctation.

36
Q

What is the role of blood pressure monitoring in managing Aortic Coarctation?

A

It helps assess the severity and monitor treatment effectiveness.

37
Q

What is a sign of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) in Aortic Coarctation?

A

Strong apical pulsations.

38
Q

What is a systolic thrill in Aortic Coarctation?

A

A palpable vibration over the left parasternal area.

39
Q

What is the significance of an accentuated S2 in Aortic Coarctation?

A

It indicates systemic hypertension.

40
Q

What are the characteristics of the murmur in Aortic Coarctation?

A

Harsh systolic murmur along the left sternal border, maximum intensity at the 3rd and 4th left spaces.

41
Q

Where does the murmur in Aortic Coarctation propagate?

A

It selectively propagates to the inter-scapular area.

42
Q

What is the significance of weak femoral pulse in Aortic Coarctation?

A

It indicates decreased blood flow to the lower body.

43
Q

What is the significance of strong radial pulse in Aortic Coarctation?

A

It indicates increased blood flow to the upper body.

44
Q

What is radio-femoral delay in Aortic Coarctation?

A

A condition where the femoral pulse is weaker and delayed compared to the radial pulse.

45
Q

What are the blood pressure findings in Aortic Coarctation?

A

Low blood pressure in the lower limbs and high blood pressure in the upper limbs.

46
Q

What is the normal timing of femoral and radial pulses?

A

Normally, the femoral pulse occurs slightly before the radial pulse.

Cardio (10 decks)

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