Htm 1070 Midterm Flashcards
Responsible Tourism is about:
Making the consumption and production of tourism more sustainable
What is the overall goal of Responsible Tourism?
Sustainability
Ecological Footprint
Is a measurement of land area required to sustain a population
How much land/resources does the average person of a particular area need to support their consumption habits?
Global footprint = 2.2 hectares
Tourism is like what?
Fire; you can cook your food on it, or it can burn your house down
Sustainability is the _____; Responsibility is the _____
objective; means
Tourism Demand
The fundamental condition for the development of tourism in the first place is that travellers must have both the ability and willingness to travel
Conspicuous Consumption (Velben 1899)
Consuming prestigious goods to enhance one’s prestige
Tourism Supply
The businesses and organizations that produce the products that tourists consume
The tourism industry is a fragmented industry because:
The services and products provided operate across several sectors
5 benefits of tourism:
- Economic Development
- Social Inclusion
- Placemaking
- Regeneration
- Culture and Heritage
Economic Development
Provides opportunities/employment for local businesses
Social Inclusion
People have a right to tourism
Placemaking
A process of creating public spaces through design elements
Regeneration
Declining areas are converted into tourism attractions
Culture and Hertiage
Attract tourists and justify investment in public assets
7 key elements of sustainable development
- Maintain ecological integrity and diversity
- Meet basic human needs
- Keep options open for future generations
- Reduce injustice
- Support the empowerment of decision making processes
- Maintain the quality of life
- Sustain cultures
The challenges of maintaining economic growth and extending the benefits of _____ of a rapidly growing global population push against the boundaries of the planet’s ____ resources
Development; finite
Free-Riders
Tourists are considered free-riders because they use public space without paying a cost; the benefit at the cost of those who do pay
What does free-riding lead to?
The destruction of public space and environment
Responsibility is:
Used as a framework for thinking about tourism policy, planning, development choices, as well as the associated impacts
Responsible tourism is not an ___ pursuit, it is a ___ one.
Economic; social
Corporate social responsibility is interested in:
- Acting as a good corporate citizen
- Attending to the evolving social concerns of stakeholders
- Mitigating adverse effects from business activities
Tourism is all about:
The consumption and production of in-place experiences
Authentic Experiences
Trends towards more ethical awareness and greater willingness to take responsibility for the impacts of tourists and the industry coincides with the pursuit of authentic experiences
Responsible tourism is an ____ that can be applied to any form of tourism
Approach
Earth Summit, Rio de Janeiro, 1992
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change is established. Meeting of world leaders to rethink economic growth with environmental protection in mind
Sustainable development is considered a way of:
Avoiding environmental degradation and reducing poverty through economic growth
Tragedy of Commons
Individuals acting independently, and without limit, according to their own self-interest
Tools of Responsibility
Municipal/national approach
industry approach
international approach
10 key elements of sustainable tourism:
- Sustainable use of resources
- Reducing over-consumption and waste
- Maintaining diversity
- Supporting local communities
- Integrating tourism into planning
- Involving local communities
- Consulting stakeholders and the public
- Training staff
- Market tourism responsibility
- Undertaking research
Cape Town Declaration
Defines responsible tourism as an approach to “create better places for people to live in and for people to visit”
Code for the Responsible Tourist and Traveler (2015), encourages the tourist and traveler to:
- Have an open mind
- Respect human rights
- Preserve natural environments
- Respect cultural resources
- Purchase local handicrafts and products to support the local economy
- Learn about the destination and its law
Responsible tourism 6 criticisms:
- Is only a market segment
- Is a deceptive ploy
- Frowns on fun
- Is reduced to ecotourism, pro-poor tourism or community tourism
- Sidesteps the critical issues of volume
- Assumes tourists and hosts cannot get along in the first place
‘The Holiday Makers’ (1987)
- Wants the best
- Interested in fun
- Expect to be pampered
- Participates in conspicuous consumption
- Entitled to do what they please because they paid for it
- Not aware of their impacts
- Demanding
For Krippendorf (Holiday Makers author), responsible tourism is:
- The birth of new travel culture interested in social needs
- Not anti-tourism
- Beneficial to both host and guest
- The individual responsibility of the holiday maker
- Critical of consumption
- An opportunity to favor closer relationships between hosts and guests
At the heart of responsible tourism is the imperative to:
a, Generate a profit
b, Criticize all forms of travel
c, Make tourism better
d, Limit interactions between tourists and hosts
e, None of the above
Make tourism better
Which concept refers to how much land/resources the average person of a particular area needs to support their consumption habits?
a, Sustainability
b, Ecological footprint
c, Conspicuous consumption
d, Self-actualization
e, None of the above
Ecological Footprint
Which best explains an ‘ecological footprint’?
a, A way of avoiding environmental degradation and reducing poverty through economic growth
b, A “green tax” on flying where the passenger must pay a fee to fly long distances
c, A resource base of a destination that would be otherwise be used by locals
d, The amount of land and resources that we need to sustain our population’s consumption habits
e, None of the above
The amount of land and resources that we need to sustain our population’s consumption habits
Conspicuous consumption refers to:
a, The consumer defining the product
b, The ‘bragging rights’ that come with the purchase of a holiday
c, Individuals acting independently, and without limit, according to their own self-interest
d, An authentic experience that enables the traveler to learn something about themselves
e, None of the above
None of the above
Environmental sustainability is likely to be a higher priority for a hotel if: (textbook)
a, A developer operates a hotel and stands to recoup the environmental cost reductions
b, The developer hires a local management company that knows local rules
c, There is no link between the construction of the hotels and the operation of the hotel
d, Hotel management is kept separate from hotel ownership
e, None of the above
A developer operates a hotel and stands to recoup the environmental cost reductions
Tourism supply describes:
a, The use of public resources without paying a cost
b, The process of creating public space through design elements - placemaking
c, The businesses and organizations that produce the product that tourists consume
d, A destination’s investment in public resources
e, None of the above
The businesses and organizations that produce the product that tourists consume
Tourism is demand-led, which means:
a, Tourism has more demand than supply
b, Services facilitate the experience
c, The product produced is defined by the consumer
d, Consuming prestigious goods to enhance one’s prestige
e, None of the above
The product produced is defined by the consumer
Tourism has earned Mt. Everest the nickname:
a, ‘The world’s highest junkyard”
b, ‘The summit of sustainability’
c, ‘Silent spring’
d, ‘Trash heap hill’
e, None of the above
The world’s highest junkyard
Overtourism means:
a, There are more tourists present at the destination that the destination can support
b, Individuals acting independently, and without limit, according to their own self-interest
c, Tourism takes full account of its current and future economic, social, and environmental impacts
d, Providing opportunities for local businesses
e, None of the above
There are more tourists present at the destination that the destination can support
Which of the following are NOT considered a responsible tourist practice?
a, Giving money to begging children
b, Staying out a sacred buildings
c, Learning a few words of the local language
d, Participating in a hotel’s towel program
e, None of the above
Giving money to begging children
Which is NOT a benefit of tourism:
a, Regeneration
b, Placemaking
c, Investment in public assets
d, Economic development
e, None of the above
None of the above
Which book played an influential role in bringing popular awareness to environmental issues?
a, Brundtland Commission
b, The Holiday Maker
c, Silent Spring
d, Limit to Growth
e, None of the above
Silent Spring
Changes in consumer preferences
Responsible practices are expected by tourists
Authenticity in the context of tourism:
- Is a contested idea
- Often represents an artificial and staged experience
- Is measured against a consumer’s expectations
Changes in consumer trends are:
Evident in changing attitudes towards authenticity
The “Experience Economy” describes:
- A shift in consumer preferences for memorable events
- An opportunity to generate empathy in the traveler
- A way to generate understanding in the traveler
- A way to educate the consumer about responsibility
- The value of creating an experience in tourism and hospitality
What was the first trade association to commit to responsible tourism?
Association of Independent Tour Operators
Product Value
Responsible tourism lends to adding value to a product through delivering a high quality experience. Consumers recognize that responsible tourism creates a better experience
