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HPP LEC CHAP 6 Flashcards

1
Q

Bone, cartilage, tendons, and ligaments of the
skeletal system are

A

connective tissues

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2
Q

a tough, ropelike protein

A

Collagen

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3
Q

e large molecules consisting of
many polysaccharides attaching to and encircling
core proteins

A

Proteoglycans

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4
Q

The matrix always contains collagen, ground
substance, and other organic molecules, as well
as water and minerals

A

none

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5
Q

form large aggregates and
attract water

A

proteoglycans

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6
Q

The extracellular matrix of tendons and ligaments
contains large amounts of collagen fibers, making
these structures very tough, like ropes or cables

A

none

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7
Q

extracellular matrix of cartilage contains

A

collagen and proteoglycans

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8
Q

makes cartilage tough

A

Collagen

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9
Q

make it smooth and
resilient

A

water-filled proteoglycans

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10
Q

is relatively rigid, but it
springs back to its original shape after being
bent or slightly compressed

A

cartilage

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11
Q

extracellular matrix of bone contains collagen
and minerals, including calcium and phosphate

A

none

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12
Q

lend flexible strength
to the bone

A

ropelike collagen fibers

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13
Q

gives bone compression
(weight-bearing) strength.

A

mineral

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14
Q

form of
calcium phosphate crystals

A

hydroxyapatite

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15
Q

four bone shapes

A

long, short, flat, irregular

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16
Q

are longer than they are wide

A

long bones

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17
Q

are approximately as wide as they
are long

A

short bones

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18
Q

have a relatively thin, flattened shape

A

flat bones

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19
Q

shapes that do not fit readily
into the other three categories

A

irregular bones

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20
Q

compact bone
tissue

A

shaft

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21
Q

ends spongy bone tissue

A

Epiphysis

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22
Q

covers epiphyses
reduces friction

A

Articular cartilage

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23
Q

site of growth
between
diaphysis and
epiphysis

A

Epiphyseal plate

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24
Q

center of
diaphysis red or
yellow marrow

A

Medullary cavity

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25
Q

membrane around
bone’s outer
surface

A

Periosteum

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26
Q

membrane that
lines medullary
cavity

A

Endosteum

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27
Q

is the location of blood forming
cells

A

red marrow

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28
Q

mostly fat

A

yellow marrow

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29
Q

structural unit of
compact bone
includes lamella,
lacunae, canaliculus,
central canal, osteocytes

A

Osteon

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30
Q

rings of bone matrix

A

Lamella

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31
Q

spaces between lamella

A

Lacunae

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32
Q

tiny canals
transport nutrients
and remove
waste

A

Canaliculus

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33
Q

center of osteon
contains blood vessels

A

Central canal:

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34
Q

It is located at the epiphyses of long bones
and center of other bones

A

Spongy bone

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35
Q

are interconnecting
rods, and spaces that contain marrow

A

trabeculae

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36
Q

responsible for the formation of
bone and the repair and remodeling of bone

A

Osteoblasts

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37
Q

cells that maintain bone matrix and
form from osteoblast after bone matrix has
surrounded it

A

Osteocytes

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38
Q

contribute to bone repair and
remodeling by removing existing bone, called
bone reabsorption

A

Osteoclasts

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39
Q

Bone formation that occurs within connective
tissue membranes

A

intramembranous
ossification

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40
Q

Bone formation that occurs inside hyaline
cartilage

A

endochondral ossification

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41
Q

the formation of bone by osteoblasts.

A

Ossification

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42
Q

occurs by the deposition of new
bone lamellae onto existing bone or other
connective tissue

A

Bone growth

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43
Q

As osteoblasts deposit new bone matrix on the
surface of bones between the periosteum and
the existing bone matrix, the bone increases in
width, or diameter

A

appositional growth

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44
Q

Broken bone causes

A

bleeding and a blood clot
forms

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45
Q

forms which is a fibrous network
between 2 fragments

A

Callus

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46
Q

hole

A

foramen

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47
Q

depression

48
Q

projection

49
Q

smooth, rounded end

50
Q

canal-like passageway

51
Q

lump of bone

52
Q

composed of the skull, the
vertebral column, and the thoracic cage

A

axial skeleton

53
Q

forms a freely movable
joint with the rest of the skull

54
Q

Anterior part of cranium

A

Frontal bone

55
Q

Sides and roof of cranium

A

Parietal bones

56
Q

Posterior portion and floor of cranium

A

Occipital bones

57
Q

inferior to parietal bones on each side of the cranium
Temporomandibular joint

A

Temporal bones

58
Q

Forms part of cranium floor, lateral posterior
portions of eye orbits, lateral portions of cranium
anterior to temporal bones
Sella turcica

A

Sphenoid bone

59
Q

Anterior portion of cranium, including medial
surface of eye orbit and roof of nasal cavity
Nasal conchae

A

Ethmoid bone

60
Q

Form upper jaw, anterior portion of hard palate,
part of lateral walls of nasal cavity, floors of eye
orbits
Maxillary sinus

61
Q

Form posterior portion of hard palate, lateral wall of
nasal cavity

A

Palatine bones

62
Q

Cheek bones
Also form floor and lateral wall of each eye orbit

A

Zygomatic bones

63
Q

Medial surfaces of eye orbits

A

Lacrimal bones

64
Q

Form bridge of nose

A

Nasal bones

65
Q

In midline of nasal cavity
Forms nasal septum with the ethmoid bone

66
Q

Attached to lateral walls of nasal cavity

A

Inferior nasal conchae

67
Q

Lower jawbone
Only movable skull bone

68
Q

open into the nasal
cavity

A

paranasal sinuses

69
Q

paranasal sinuses

A
  • Frontal
  • Ethmoid
  • Sphenoid
  • Maxillary
70
Q

unpaired, U-shaped bone
that is not part of the skull and has no direct bony
attachment to the skull or any other bones

A

hyoid bone

71
Q

s the central axis of the
skeleton, extending from the base of the skull to slightly
past the end of the pelvis

A

vertebral column

72
Q

curves anteriorly

A

cervical region

73
Q

curves posteriorly

A

thoracic region

74
Q

curves anteriorly

A

lumbar region

75
Q

together curve
posteriorly

A

sacral and coccygeal regions

76
Q
  • 1st vertebra
  • holds head
77
Q
  • 2nd vertebra
  • rotates head
78
Q

breastbone

79
Q

attach directly to sternum by cartilage

80
Q

attach indirectly to sternum by cartilage

A

false ribs

81
Q

not attached to sternum

A

floating ribs

82
Q

shoulder blade

83
Q

collar bone

84
Q

upper limb

85
Q

forearm

86
Q

forearm

87
Q

wrist

88
Q

hand

A

Metacarpals

89
Q

includes pelvic girdle and coccyx

90
Q

inferior and posterior region

91
Q

most superior region

92
Q

hip socket (joint)

A

Acetabulum

93
Q

thigh

94
Q

knee cap

95
Q

large lower leg

96
Q

small lower leg

97
Q

ankle

98
Q

foot

A

Metatarsals

99
Q

toes and fingers

100
Q

where two bones come
together

A

Articulations

101
Q

Joints can be classified structurally as

A

fibrous,
cartilaginous, or synovial

102
Q
  • united by fibrous connective tissue
  • subclasses are sutures, syndesmosis, and gomphoses
A

Fibrous joint

103
Q
  • united by means of cartilage
  • subclasses are synchondroses and symphysis
A

Cartilaginous

104
Q
  • joined by a fluid cavity
  • Most joints of the appendicular skeleton
105
Q

non-movable joint

A

Synarthrosis

106
Q

slightly movable joint

A

Amphiarthrosis

107
Q

freely movable joint

A

Diarthrosis

108
Q

bending

109
Q

straightening

110
Q

movement away from midline

111
Q

movement toward the midline

112
Q

rotation of the forearm with palms down

113
Q

rotation of the forearm with palms up

A

Supination

114
Q

movement of a structure about the long axis

115
Q

Effects of Aging on the Skeletal System
and Joints

A
  1. Decreased Collagen Production
  2. Loss of Bone Density
  3. Degenerative Changes

Pharmacy (8 decks)

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