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Pharmacy > HPP LEC Chap 3 > Flashcards

HPP LEC Chap 3 Flashcards

1
Q

specialized structure

A

organelles

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2
Q

jelly-like substance that holds the organelles

A

Cytoplasm

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3
Q

the outermost component of a cell

A

Cell membrane

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4
Q

substance outside the cell

A

Extracellular

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5
Q

substance inside the cell

A

Intracellular

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6
Q

Functions of the cell

A
  1. Cell metabolism and energy use
  2. Synthesis of molecules
  3. Communication
  4. Reproduction and inheritance
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7
Q

the model used to
describe the cell membrane structure

A

fluid-mosaic model

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8
Q

does not require the cell to expend energy

A

Passive membrane transport

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9
Q

requires the cell to expend energy

A

Active membrane transport

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10
Q

involves movement of substances in a solution down a concentration gradient

A

Diffusion

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11
Q

composed of two major part, solute and solvent

A

Solution

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12
Q

substances dissolved in a predominant liquid or gas

A

Solute

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13
Q

substance that dissolve the solute

A

solvent

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14
Q

the difference in the concentration of a solute in a solvent

A

Concentration gradient

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15
Q

constantly allows ions to pass through

A

Leak channels

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16
Q

limit the movement of ions across the membrane by opening and closing

A

Gated channels

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17
Q

the diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane

A

Osmosis

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18
Q

the force required to prevent movement of water across cell membrane

A

Osmotic pressure

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19
Q

has a lower concentration of solute and a higher concentration of water

A

Hypotonic

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20
Q

has the same solute concentrations inside and outside the cell

A

Isotonic

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21
Q

the solution has a lower solute concentration than the surrounding solution

A

Hypertonic

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22
Q

a carrier-mediated process that moves substances across the cell membrane from regions of lower concentration

A

Active transport

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23
Q

a carrier-mediated transport process that moves substances across the cell membrane from areas of higher concentration

A

Facilitated diffusion

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24
Q

involves the active transport of one substance establishing a concentration gradient

A

Secondary active transport

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25
Q

the diffusing substance moves in the same direction as the initial active transported substance

A

Contransport

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26
Q

the diffusing substance moves in a direction opposite to that of the initial active transported substance

A

Countertransport

27
Q

a process that brings materials into cell using vesicles

A

Endocytosis

28
Q

occurs when a specific substance binds to the receptor molecule

A

Receptor-mediated endocytosis

29
Q

often used for endocytosis when solid particles are ingested

A

Phagocytosis

30
Q

has much smaller vesicle formed

A

Pinocytosis

31
Q

involves the use of membrane-bound sacs that accumulate materials for release

A

Exocytosis

32
Q

large organelle usually located near the center of the cell

A

Nucleus

33
Q

organelles where proteins are produced

A

Ribosomes

34
Q

a series of membrane forming sacs and tubules that extend from the outer nuclear membrane into the cytoplasm

A

Endoplasmic reticulum

35
Q

involved in protein synthesis

A

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

36
Q

has no attached ribosomes and a site for lipid synthesis

A

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

37
Q

closely packed stacks of curved, membrane-bound sacs

A

Golgi Apparatus

38
Q

membrane-bound vesicle formed from the golgi apparatus

A

Lysosomes

39
Q

small, membrane-bound vesicle containing enzymes

A

Perixosomes

40
Q

responsible for producing considerable amount of ATP

A

Mitochondria

41
Q

internal framework to the cell

A

Cytoskeleton

42
Q

hollow structures formed from the protein subunits

A

Microtubules

43
Q

small fibrils formed from protein subunits

A

Microfilaments

44
Q

fibrils formed from subunits that are smaller in diameter

A

Intermediate filament

45
Q

a specialized area of cytoplasm close to the nucleus where microtubule formation occur

A

Centrioles

46
Q

project from the surface of certain cells

A

Cilia

47
Q

similar to cilia but are much longer, usually occur only one per cell

A

Flagella

48
Q

specialized extensions of the cell membrane that are supported by microfilament

A

Microvilli

49
Q

contains the information that directs protein synthesis

A

Deoxyribonucleic acid

50
Q

DNA contains the information that directs protein synthesis

A

Gene expression

51
Q

a sequence of nucleotides that provides a chemical set of instruction

A

Gene

52
Q

involves copying DNA into messenger RNA

A

Transcription

53
Q

involves messenger RNA being used to produce a protein

A

Translation

54
Q

the formation of daughter cells from a single parent cell

A

Mitosis

55
Q

nondividing phase

A

interphase

56
Q

dividing phase

A

mitosis

57
Q

the chromatin condenses to form visible chromosomes

A

Prophase

58
Q

the chromosomes align near the center of the cell

A

Metaphase

59
Q

the chromatids separate

A

Anaphase

60
Q

the chromosomes in each of the daughter cells become organized to form two separate nuclei

A

Telophase

61
Q

the process by which cells develop with specialized structures and functions

A

Differentiation

62
Q

a normal process by which cell numbers within various tissues are adjusted and controlled

A

Apoptosis

63
Q

various causes for cellular aging

A
  1. existence of a cellular clock
  2. Presence of death genes
  3. DNA damage
  4. Formation of free radicals
  5. Mitochondrial damage
64
Q

abnormal proliferations of cells

A

Tumors

Pharmacy (8 decks)

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