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Pharmacy > HPP LEC Chap 2 > Flashcards

HPP LEC Chap 2 Flashcards

(80 cards)

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1
Q

anything that occupies space and has mass

A

Matter

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2
Q

the amount of matter in an object

A

Mass

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3
Q

results from the gravitational attraction between the earth and an object

A

Weight

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4
Q

the simplest type of matter

A

Element

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5
Q

smallest particle of an element that has the chemical characteristics of that element

A

Atom

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6
Q

the number of protons in each atom of an element

A

Atomic number

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7
Q

the number of protons and neutrons

A

Mass number

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8
Q

the interaction between atoms to form molecules by either sharing or transferring

A

Chemical bond

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9
Q

forms when an electron is transferred between atoms, creating oppositely charged ions

A

Ionic bonding

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10
Q

forms when atoms share one or more pairs of electors

A

Covalent bonding

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11
Q

the ability of the atom’s nucleus to pull electrons toward it

A

Electronegativity

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12
Q

the tendency of atoms to combine with other atoms until each has 8 electrons in its valence shell

A

Octet rule

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13
Q

the outermost layer

A

Valence shell

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14
Q

energy levels

A

Electron shell

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15
Q

sharing of one pair of electrons

A

Single covalent bond

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16
Q

when two atoms share two pairs of electron

A

Double covalent bond

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17
Q

when there is an unequal sharing of electrons

A

Polar covalent bond

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18
Q

when there is an equal sharing of electrons

A

Nonpolar covalent bond

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19
Q

the positive end of one polar molecule can be weakly attracted to the negative end of another polar molecule

A

Hydrogen bond

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20
Q

a substance resulting from the chemical combination of two or more different types of atoms

A

Compound

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21
Q

formed when two or more atoms chemically combine to form a structure that behaves as an independent unit

A

Molecule

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22
Q

the separation of ions in an ionic compound by polar water molecules

A

Dissociation

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23
Q

the formation or breaking of chemical bonds between atoms

A

Chemical reactions

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24
Q

substance that enter into a chemical reaction

A

Reactant

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25
substance that result from the chemical reaction
Product
26
when two or more reactants combine to form a larger, more complex product
Synthesis reaction
27
consist of adenosine and three phosphate group. It is synthesized when adenosine diphosphate combines with a phosphate group
Adenosine Triphosphate
28
all of the synthesis reaction that occur in the body
Anabolism
29
reactants are broken down into smaller, less complex products
Decomposition reaction
30
decomposition reaction that occur in the body
Catabolism
31
reaction that use water
Hydrolysis reaction
32
water is also a product
Dehydration reaction
33
a combination of a decomposition reaction and a synthesis reaction
Exchange reaction
34
the reaction can run in the opposite direction, so that the products are converted back to the original reactants
Reversible reaction
35
when the rate of product formation is equal to the rate of reactant formation
Equilibrium
36
defined as the capacity to do work
Energy
37
to move matter
Work
38
stored energy
Potential energy
39
form of energy that does work
Kinetic energy
40
a form of potential energy stored in chemical bonds
Chemical energy
41
energy resulting from the position or movement of objects
Mechanical energy
42
the rate at which a chemical reaction proceeds is influenced by several factors
1. Concentration of the reactants 2. Temperature 3. Catalyst
43
the higher the concentration of reactants, the faster the rate
Concentration of the reactants
44
the higher the temperature, the faster the rate
Temperature
45
increases the rate of a reaction without being permanently changed or depleted
Catalyst
46
a proton donor
Acid
47
if blood pH drops below 7.35
Acidosis
48
Normal pH range for human blood
7.35 - 7.45
49
if blood rises above 7.45
Alkalosis
50
a compound consisting of a positive ion and a negative ion
Salt
51
a chemical that resists changes in pH when either acid or base is added
Buffer
52
deals with those substances that do not contain carbon
Inorganic chemistry
53
the study of carbon-containing substances
Organic chemistry
54
a small, nonpolar, inorganic molecule
Oxygen
55
consist of one carbon atom bound to two oxygen atoms
Carbon dioxide
56
an inorganic molecule consist of one atom of oxygen joined by polar covalent bonds to two atoms of hydrogen
Water
57
Unique properties that contribute to its critical functions for living organisms
1. Stabilizing body temperature 2. Providing protection 3. Facilitating chemical reactions 4. Transporting substances
58
4 major groups of organic molecules essential to living organisms
Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic acids
59
simplest carbohydrates or the building blocks of carbohydrates
Monosaccharides
60
composed of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen
Carbohydrates
61
substances that dissolve in nonpolar solvents
Lipids
62
important energy-storage molecules
Fats
63
building blocks of fats
Glycerol and fatty acids
64
groups found in glycerol
hydroxyl group and carboxyl group
65
single covalent bond between carbon atoms
Saturated
66
one or more double covalent bonds between carbon atoms
Unsaturated
67
unsaturated fats that have been chemically altered
Trans fats
68
composed of a polar region containing phosphate and a nonpolar region consisting of two fatty acids
Phospholids
69
a group of important chemicals derived from fatty acids
Eicosanoids
70
composed of carbon atoms bound together into four ringlike structure
Steroids
71
an important steroid
Cholesterol
72
contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen
Proteins
73
building blocks of proteins
Amino acids
74
occurs when the hydrogen bonds that maintain shape of a protein are broken and the protein becomes nonfunctional
Protein denaturation
75
a protein catalyst that increases the rate at which a chemical reaction proceeds without it being permanently changed
Enzyme
76
large molecules composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus
Nucleic acid
77
the genetic material of cells
Deoxyribonucleic acid
78
exist in three forms that are important for protein synthesis
Ribonucleic acid
79
building block of nucleic acid
Nucleotides
80
an important organic molecule found in all living organisms, and is often called the energy currency of cells
Adenosine Triphosphate

Pharmacy (8 decks)

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