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Pharmacy > HPP LEC Chap 2 > Flashcards

HPP LEC Chap 2 Flashcards

1
Q

anything that occupies space and has mass

A

Matter

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2
Q

the amount of matter in an object

A

Mass

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3
Q

results from the gravitational attraction between the earth and an object

A

Weight

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4
Q

the simplest type of matter

A

Element

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5
Q

smallest particle of an element that has the chemical characteristics of that element

A

Atom

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6
Q

the number of protons in each atom of an element

A

Atomic number

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7
Q

the number of protons and neutrons

A

Mass number

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8
Q

the interaction between atoms to form molecules by either sharing or transferring

A

Chemical bond

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9
Q

forms when an electron is transferred between atoms, creating oppositely charged ions

A

Ionic bonding

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10
Q

forms when atoms share one or more pairs of electors

A

Covalent bonding

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11
Q

the ability of the atom’s nucleus to pull electrons toward it

A

Electronegativity

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12
Q

the tendency of atoms to combine with other atoms until each has 8 electrons in its valence shell

A

Octet rule

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13
Q

the outermost layer

A

Valence shell

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14
Q

energy levels

A

Electron shell

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15
Q

sharing of one pair of electrons

A

Single covalent bond

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16
Q

when two atoms share two pairs of electron

A

Double covalent bond

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17
Q

when there is an unequal sharing of electrons

A

Polar covalent bond

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18
Q

when there is an equal sharing of electrons

A

Nonpolar covalent bond

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19
Q

the positive end of one polar molecule can be weakly attracted to the negative end of another polar molecule

A

Hydrogen bond

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20
Q

a substance resulting from the chemical combination of two or more different types of atoms

A

Compound

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21
Q

formed when two or more atoms chemically combine to form a structure that behaves as an independent unit

A

Molecule

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22
Q

the separation of ions in an ionic compound by polar water molecules

A

Dissociation

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23
Q

the formation or breaking of chemical bonds between atoms

A

Chemical reactions

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24
Q

substance that enter into a chemical reaction

A

Reactant

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25
Q

substance that result from the chemical reaction

A

Product

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26
Q

when two or more reactants combine to form a larger, more complex product

A

Synthesis reaction

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27
Q

consist of adenosine and three phosphate group. It is synthesized when adenosine diphosphate combines with a phosphate group

A

Adenosine Triphosphate

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28
Q

all of the synthesis reaction that occur in the body

A

Anabolism

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29
Q

reactants are broken down into smaller, less complex products

A

Decomposition reaction

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30
Q

decomposition reaction that occur in the body

A

Catabolism

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31
Q

reaction that use water

A

Hydrolysis reaction

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32
Q

water is also a product

A

Dehydration reaction

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33
Q

a combination of a decomposition reaction and a synthesis reaction

A

Exchange reaction

34
Q

the reaction can run in the opposite direction, so that the products are converted back to the original reactants

A

Reversible reaction

35
Q

when the rate of product formation is equal to the rate of reactant formation

A

Equilibrium

36
Q

defined as the capacity to do work

A

Energy

37
Q

to move matter

A

Work

38
Q

stored energy

A

Potential energy

39
Q

form of energy that does work

A

Kinetic energy

40
Q

a form of potential energy stored in chemical bonds

A

Chemical energy

41
Q

energy resulting from the position or movement of objects

A

Mechanical energy

42
Q

the rate at which a chemical reaction proceeds is influenced by several factors

A
  1. Concentration of the reactants
  2. Temperature
  3. Catalyst
43
Q

the higher the concentration of reactants, the faster the rate

A

Concentration of the reactants

44
Q

the higher the temperature, the faster the rate

A

Temperature

45
Q

increases the rate of a reaction without being permanently changed or depleted

A

Catalyst

46
Q

a proton donor

A

Acid

47
Q

if blood pH drops below 7.35

A

Acidosis

48
Q

Normal pH range for human blood

A

7.35 - 7.45

49
Q

if blood rises above 7.45

A

Alkalosis

50
Q

a compound consisting of a positive ion and a negative ion

A

Salt

51
Q

a chemical that resists changes in pH when either acid or base is added

A

Buffer

52
Q

deals with those substances that do not contain carbon

A

Inorganic chemistry

53
Q

the study of carbon-containing substances

A

Organic chemistry

54
Q

a small, nonpolar, inorganic molecule

A

Oxygen

55
Q

consist of one carbon atom bound to two oxygen atoms

A

Carbon dioxide

56
Q

an inorganic molecule consist of one atom of oxygen joined by polar covalent bonds to two atoms of hydrogen

A

Water

57
Q

Unique properties that contribute to its critical functions for living organisms

A
  1. Stabilizing body temperature
  2. Providing protection
  3. Facilitating chemical reactions
  4. Transporting substances
58
Q

4 major groups of organic molecules essential to living organisms

A

Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Nucleic acids

59
Q

simplest carbohydrates or the building blocks of carbohydrates

A

Monosaccharides

60
Q

composed of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen

A

Carbohydrates

61
Q

substances that dissolve in nonpolar solvents

A

Lipids

62
Q

important energy-storage molecules

A

Fats

63
Q

building blocks of fats

A

Glycerol and fatty acids

64
Q

groups found in glycerol

A

hydroxyl group and carboxyl group

65
Q

single covalent bond between carbon atoms

A

Saturated

66
Q

one or more double covalent bonds between carbon atoms

A

Unsaturated

67
Q

unsaturated fats that have been chemically altered

A

Trans fats

68
Q

composed of a polar region containing phosphate and a nonpolar region consisting of two fatty acids

A

Phospholids

69
Q

a group of important chemicals derived from fatty acids

A

Eicosanoids

70
Q

composed of carbon atoms bound together into four ringlike structure

A

Steroids

71
Q

an important steroid

A

Cholesterol

72
Q

contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen

A

Proteins

73
Q

building blocks of proteins

A

Amino acids

74
Q

occurs when the hydrogen bonds that maintain shape of a protein are broken and the protein becomes nonfunctional

A

Protein denaturation

75
Q

a protein catalyst that increases the rate at which a chemical reaction proceeds without it being permanently changed

A

Enzyme

76
Q

large molecules composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus

A

Nucleic acid

77
Q

the genetic material of cells

A

Deoxyribonucleic acid

78
Q

exist in three forms that are important for protein synthesis

A

Ribonucleic acid

79
Q

building block of nucleic acid

A

Nucleotides

80
Q

an important organic molecule found in all living organisms, and is often called the energy currency of cells

A

Adenosine Triphosphate

Pharmacy (8 decks)

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