HOW URBAN PLANNING WORKS CZ.2

Question 1

City Beautiful was characterized by the belief that if you …………. form, ………. would follow

Answer 1

Improved;
Function

Question 2

komunalny

Answer 2

Municipal

Question 3

“Municipal art”

Answer 3

• Magnificent parks
• Highly designed buildings
• places with fountains and monuments

Question 4

zasada

Answer 4

Principle

Question 5

Burnham dream city was known as a …… City

Answer 5

White

Question 6

White City featured …
- …..
- …..
- …..

Answer 6

• large scale monuments
• electric lights
• state-of-the-art transport systems

Question 7

1906 Burnham teamed up with Edward Bennett to prepare the ……. … …….

Answer 7

Plan of Chicago

Question 8

Plan of Chicago

Answer 8

• better accommodate
• regular traffic
• integrated park system

Question 9

Burnham used Paris as a ……………. ………… ….. ……. ……………..

Answer 9

successful model of urban planning

Question 10

Urban planning basics - by creating (……………..) environments:
- ………………
- ………………
- ………………
- ………………
- ………………

Answer 10

• convenient
• equitable
• healthful
• efficient
• attractive

Question 11

urban planners must consider ……………. ……… ………….. of a city as they map out their programs

Answer 11

three key aspects

Question 12

three key aspects:
- …….
- …….
- ……

Answer 12

• The physical environment
• The social environment
• The economic environment

Question 13

The physical environment, includes its:
- ……..
- ……..
- ……..

Answer 13

• location
• climate
• proximity to sources of food and water

Question 14

Drinking water is so crucial, many cities are founded at the head of a ……. or at the …… …….

Answer 14

river;
fall line

Question 15

fall line

Answer 15

the point where rivers descend from the regions of older, harder rocks toward the softer sediments of the coastal plain

Question 16

Planners must often consider an area’s ……………. ……………. to understand the full character of a city

Answer 16

geologic history

Question 17

zlodowacenie kontynentalne

Answer 17

continental glaciation

Question 18

New York City - geologic history:
- …….
- …….
- …….

Answer 18

• mountain ranges formed and were worn away
• Seaways came and went
• continental glaciation covered the area with ice sheets that eventually retreated

Question 19

Przez ten wielki okres czasu

Answer 19

Over this great span of time

Question 20

The social environment, includes:
- ……….
- ……….
- ………
- ……….

Answer 20

• the groups to which a city’s residents belong,
• the neighborhoods in which they live
• the organization of its workplaces
• the policies created to impose order

Question 21

The economic environment:
- ……..
- ……..

Answer 21

• support the retention and expansion of existing local businesses
• promote local arts and creative industries in order to sustain a city’s cultural vitality.

Question 22

local businesses play strong roles in a ….. ………….

Answer 22

city’s economy

Question 23

urban planners must do a great deal of …………. and ……………. to fully understand how the physical, social and economic aspects of a city interact

Answer 23

research;
analysis

Question 24

urban planners study:
- ………
- ………..
- ……..
- ………
- ………

Answer 24

• The current use of land for residential, business and community purposes
• The locations and capacity of streets, highways, airports, water and sewer
• The types of industries embedded in the community
• The characteristics of the population
• Employment and economic trends

Question 25

THE MASTER PLAN

It’s prepared by ……………… of city for ……… …………

Answer 25

department;
big cities

Question 26

A typical master plan include:
- ……….
- ………
- ………
- ……..
- ………
- ……..

Answer 26

• Transportation and traffic
• Community facilities
• Parks and open space
• Neighborhoods and housing
• Economic development
• Land use

Question 27

Transportation and traffic: A good master plan takes all of a city’s transportation ……………. into account.
A transportation corridor is any channel along which ……….. and ………… move from place to place

Answer 27

corridors;
people;
goods

Question 28

Community facilities: Cities support an array of community facilities that satisfy its demand for social and cultural ……………….
These include public and charter schools, police and fire departments and community centers

Answer 28

enrichment

Question 29

Obiekty użyteczności publicznej

Answer 29

Community facilities

Question 30

Parks and open space: Parks and open spaces are ……. to cities because they serve as the ……… points of neighborhoods and often have community and cultural facilities grouped ……… …………..

Answer 30

vital;
focal;
around them

Question 31

punkty ogniskowe

Answer 31

focal points

Question 32

Neighborhoods and housing

Answer 32

Although they have unique characteristics, neighborhoods in vibrant cities are interconnected and enjoy a dynamic exchange of commuters, ideas and influences. Successful neighborhoods also emphasize community, livability and safety for all residents

Question 33

Economic development:

Answer 33

how a city’s design can be enhanced to attract new businesses and protect existing businesses. For example, a plan might call for redevelopment of a downtown area to include a public market and a conference/convention center, with the goal of better serving the city.

Question 34

Land use

Answer 34

The major land use recommendations presented in a master plan result from analysis of a city’s environmental and physical conditions, as well as the planner’s vision for future growth. A map of future land use is generally included and makes recommendations about land set aside for parks and open space; residential areas; commercial, office and industrial uses; civic and institutional uses; and mixed-use areas.

Question 35

Criticisms of Urban Planning

focusing only on aesthetics with no regard for human ……….
But today, such criticisms are largely ……………….. because urban planners take a much more holistic approach to community development. They look far beyond ………. to consider the environmental, economic and social health …….. that affect a community as it grows and changes.

Answer 35

welfare;
unfounded;
aesthetics;
issues

Question 36

Unfortunately, as the complexity of urban planning has increased, so have the length of time and costs required to complete the process.

planning process takes too long, the solutions it proposes may be obsolete before they’re fully ……………

Answer 36

implemented

Question 37

One of the most influential critiques of modern urban planning came in 1961 by ….. ………. Her book, “Death and Life of Great American Cities,” blasted 20th century urban planning and proposed radically new …….. for rebuilding cities:

Answer 37

Jane Jacobs;
principles

Question 38

Jane Jacobs - plan:
- …………
- ………..
- ………..
- ……….
- …………

Answer 38

• Cities as ecosystems
• Mixed-use development
• Bottom-up community planning
• The case for higher density
• Local economies

Question 39

• Cities as ecosystems

Answer 39

Jacobs compared cities to living things that change over time as they interact with their environment. If the city is the organism, then the sidewalks, parks, streets and neighborhoods are the various systems, each with a different function but tightly and seamlessly integrated.

Question 40

• Mixed-use development:

Answer 40

Jacobs saw diversity as an absolute requirement for healthy, vibrant urban communities. Diversity didn’t just refer to populations. Jacobs also felt that buildings should vary in age, condition, use and rentals. In such an environment, people of different ages and backgrounds use different parts of the city at different times of the day, making the city vital and healthy around the clock, not just during business hours.

Question 41

• Bottom-up community planning:

Answer 41

Jacobs felt that planners didn’t rely enough on local expertise. How could an outsider, she argued, know the real-life needs of a neighborhood better than the people who actually lived there? In the Jacobian planning model, residents are highly involved in the entire development process.

Question 42

• The case for higher density

Answer 42

While conventional wisdom suggested that densely populated neighborhoods led to crime and squalor, Jacobs called for even more density. She believed that diverse and highly concentrated populations of people, including residents, promote visible city life and help to combat the homogeneity that ultimately leads to dullness.

Question 43

• Local economies

Answer 43

Jacobs developed a model of local economic development based on revitalizing old businesses, promoting small businesses and supporting entrepreneurs, as opposed to replacing smaller, less-profitable businesses with large, stable corporations. In fact, her approach to economic development is just another way a city can maintain diversity. Having a variety of businesses forms the base for diversity in a specific district and has a cross-effect on the diversity of other localities by providing affluent residents and patrons needed for mutual support.

Question 44

As long as people live in cities, there will be a need for …….. ……………

Answer 44

urban planning