ANCIENT ROME Flashcards
The ………….. of the Parthenon’s floor plan ………………. the height of its ……….
Diameter;
is equal to;
dome
In theory the Parthenon could hold the perfect ………
Sphere
The original Pantheon building being dedicated to the gods of then-known ……..
Planets
Zawiera
Incorporate
The portico incorporates elements from an earlier ………….. building
Temple
Beton
Concrete
Romans first use ……….
Concrete
Romans concrete was a mixture of:
- ………….. …….
- ……….
+ add another material, often
…….. ………
VOLCANIC SOIL - gleba wulkaniczna;
LIME - wapno
BROKEN TILES - polamane płytki
Umożliwia
Enabled
Concrete enabled them to make large structures such as …….
Domes
Wzmocnione
Reinforced
Pantheon represents the …….. …….. of Roman design and structural engineering
High point
Panteon shows the ………….. between Greek and Roman ways of …………
Differences;
Building
PANTHEON
- it’s a …….. ……… ………
- in the ……… ……… … ……..
- brilliant use of ……….
- it’s not …………. - it’s a brutal comparison to …………..
- Giant domed temple;
- Beating heart of Rome;
- Concrete;
- Beautiful; Parthenon
Roman architecture was ………….
Practical
Podbić
Conquere
The Romans conquered Greece and borrowed much from them, like: ………, ……….., ………. ……, ………. and ………… …………
Dresses;
Politics;
Architectural style;
Learning;
General culture
Greeks had elegance and grace.
Romans were:
- ……………
-………. ………..
-………. ………..
-Practical
- hard working
- soldiering people
Romans conquered whole of the known ……… World
Also their extensive parts by a ……… of superbly engineered ……….
Western;
Network;
Roads
Sieć (np drog)
Network
Bieżącą woda
Running water
Akwedukty
Aqueducts
Zapewnić
Provide
Romans provided public ………, …….., ……. and ……….
Baths,
lavatories - toalety,
Sewers - kanalizacja
Transport
Romans built blocks of ……
Flats
BC - ……..
AD - …….
Before Christ;
Anno Domini - roku Pańskiego
Pont du Gard in France is perhaps the ……….. ………… example of Roman engineering
Finest surviving
Blocks of flats were made of
- ………….
- ………….
Later of
- ………….
- timber
- mud bricks - błotne cegły
- concrete
Ogrzewanie podłogowe
Underfloor heating
Świetnie wykorzystywali
They made great use of
Wieki
Centuries
Roman building were unchallenged for many ……
Centuries
Zdrowy rozsądek
Common-sensical
Podejście do życia
Attitude towards life
Pantheons dome was the most ………. until Brunelleschi raised his over the body of Florence Cathedral
Ambitious
Powszechny użytek
Widespread use of
The Romans material enabled them to build …….
Domes
Budynki użyteczności publicznej
Civic buildings
Sklepienie
Vault
Colosseum is a huge ……. construction
Arched
Romans became the masters of ………. construction
Plastic
Malleable
Ciągliwy
Concrete is a ……… material
Malleable
Concrete enabled Romans to build ……. and on a ………… scale
Freely - swobodnie
Massive
Romans architecture wasn’t like the Greeks or Mesopotamian, bc they were unrestricted by the need to use ………….. ….. ……… ………….. methods
post-and-lintel construction
Slupowo naprozowa konstrukcja
Post-and-lintel construction
Romans were free to build as they ……..
Pleased
Mogli budowac jak im sie podobało
Romans adopted ….. and to an extent (w pewnym stopniu) …….. archi
Greek
Etruscan
Romans architecture influenced by the Greeks (pod wplywem Greków), was more ………. and ……….
Flamboyant - krzykliwa
Primitive
Romans add two orders:
- ………..
- ………..
-Tuscan
-Composite
Tuscan is a modified …….. from the Etruscans
Doric
Composite is a combination of ……… and ……….
Ionic
Corinthian
Kasetony
Coffers
Oculus
The eye/hole in the centre of the roof
Romans used colums as a …….. element in temples
Decorative
Pilasters
(Romans made them)
Flat or half colums that are part of the wall
Romans were best at making ……
Cities
Jednorodne
Homogenous
Niezbędne elementy
Essential elements
Vitruvius
Roman architect and engineer
The finest surviving Roman temple (aside from-oprocz- the Pantheon)
Is the ….. …….. at Nimes
Maison Caree
Ancient city - Herculaneum - was destroyed by the eruption of ……
Vesuvius
Herculaneum was laid out on a ……. system
Grid
Herculaneum był położony systemem siatkowym
System siatkowy
Grid system
Obywatele
Citizens
Zawalenie
Collapse
Ognioodporny
Fireproof
There was a law to built with …….. …… floors and walls
Fireproof concrete
The greatest and most influential imperial place was ………. ……
Hadrians Villa
Malowniczy
Picturesque
Układ
Arragement
Wyrafinowany
Sophisticated
Hadrain’s Villa
- kilometers of gardens
- picturesque arragementf of pavilons, libraries and baths
Renesans
Renaissance
In the spirit of
W duchu
Hadrian and Trajan his ……. were two of the greatest ……-……
- Predecessor - poprzednik
- emperor-architects
Cesarz
Emperor
Grób
Tomb
Żołnierz
Soldier
Trwałe
Enduring
One of most enduring Trajans monuments is the ……… that …….. his name in Rome
Column;
Bears
Ciągły fryz
Continuous frieze
Trajans Column
- 35 metre coulmn
- celebrated TRAJAN’S VICTORIES in the DACIAN WARS
- CONTINUOUS FRIEZE
- depicting episodes in the Dacian campaign
Trajan’s lettering is the ……. of modern …………..
Basis
Typography
The Romans were great builders of …………… monuments
Victory
The Trajan’s column is topped by a ……… …. …….
Statue of Trajan
Arxh of the Septimus Severus has a BASE built of ……
Marble
Baths of
-…….
-…….
-Caracalla
-Diocletian
Batks were finished with rich …….
Marbles
The baths of Caracalla were complete with
- …..
-…..
-…..
-….. …..
Stadium
Gymnasium
Library
Lecture halls
What place was bigger?
Baths of Caracalla
Or
Baths of Dioclethiam
Diocletian > Caracalla
Most popular meeting places in Ancient Rome
-…..
-……..
-…….
-baths
-circuses
-stadiums
……… Romanum was equivalent of the Greek ……
Forum
Agora
…….. - main covered public meeting place
Basilica
Basilica had many funcions like:
-…..
-……
-…..
- law court
- trading room
- meeting hall
The grandest Basilica was ……… … ……
Basilica of Constantine
Nawa
Nave
Aisle
Korytarz / nawa boczna
Basilica od Constantine had two ….. and a …… covered in ……. concrete ceilings
Aisles
Nave
Vaulted
Średniowieczna
Medieval
Basilica was the ……. of Renaissance cathedrals
Basis
Basilica of Constantine is a link between the archi of ancient Rome, ……… and the ……….
Byzantium
Romanesque
Constantine was the emperor who converted the Roman empire to ……
Christianity
Insula
Where the Plebs and middle class of Romans dwelled - mieszkali
Łuk triumfalny
Triumphal arch
Miniatura parkowa
Folly
Hołd / kult
Homage
Leviathan
?????
Ścieki
Sewer
Zajezdnia / stacja docelowa
Terminus
krój pisma
Typeface
typografia
Typography
sklepienie
Vault
voussoir
Kliniec pośredni
Abutment
Wspornik, podpora, przyczółek
Przejście
Clear span
Grzbiet łuku
Extrados
Impost
Impost
Wew. Łuk
Intrados
Zwornik
Keystone
Wzniesienie
Rise
Roman architecture - describing
- MASSIVE
- MONUMENTAL
- NONE DETAILS
What Romans borrowed from the Greeks?
- dress
- politics
- archi style
- culture
What kind of people Romans were
- TOUGHIES of the ancient world
- BRUTAL
- HARD-WORKING
Feats of engineering
-Concrete
-dome
Description of the Pantheon
- what the Parthenon was to ancient Greek
- IMPRESSIVE STRUCTURE
- BRILLIANT USE OF CONCRETE
Kaseton
Coffer
Coffer
Square on the ceiling
Decoration ornament panel
Interior of the dome
Przypora
Buttress
Buttress
Structure of stone to support the wall
Bęben
Drum
Drum
Cylindrical or polygon vertical wall supporting a dome
Pendentywy
Pendentive
Pendentive
Support a dome
Oculus
Round opening in the dome
Portico
Colonnade in front of the entrance
Pediment
Triangle which has the tympanum inside
Blind arch
An arch in the wall - people can’t walk through it
Łuk
Arch
Nisza
Niche
Niche
Recess in the facade pushed to the back
Sklepienia kolebkowe
Barrel vaults
Sklepienie krzyżowe
Groin vaults
Filary
Piers
ganek
Porch
arkady
Arcades
PANTHEON
architect: ….
Hadrian
PANTHEON
date of completion
2 nd century BC
PANTHEON
function
Now: tourist atraction
Then: civic place
PANTHEON
style
Corinthian
PANTHEON
materials
- concrete
- gold
- marble
PANTHEON
elements of construction
- FAKE WINDOWS
- Columns
- Dome
- Oculus
PANTHEON
decorations
Sculptures of gods
PANTHEON
shape
Dome - perfect sphere
PANTHEON
color
Colourful
