ANCIENT GREECE Flashcards
Pericles
During his political career
- he brought ATHENIAN DEMOCRACY to its peak
- he established ATHENS AS THE LEADING STATE in Greece
- took care of policy of CULTURAL RENEWAL (including the Parthenon)
Świątynia
Temple
Pathenon is devoted to…
Athena
(Partenon jest poświęcony Atenie)
Athena is the goddess of…
Wisdom and guardian
(Atena jest boginią mądrości i wojny)
MNIEJSZE świątynie
LESSER temples
Parthenon marked the zenith of…
Ancient Greek architecture
(Partenon wyznaczył zenit archi staroż Grecji)
Around Parthenon are gathered…
Lesser temples and public buildings
(Wokół Partenonu są zebrane mniejsze świątynie i budynki publiczne)
Parthenon has no rivals at the begging of…
The twenty-first century
Parthenon ADJECTIVES
- IMMENSE - ogromny
- TIMELESS - ponadczasowy
- PEERLESS - niezrównany
- PERFECT
- IMPRESSIVE
- BEAUTIFUL
Ogromny
Immense
Ponadczasowy
Timeless
Niezrównany
Peerless
The Parthenon is build of…
- MARBLE - marmur
- TIMBER (roof) - drewno
Marmur
Marble
Drewno
Timber
Pathenon had a pretty good shape until ………………. attacked on Athens
Venetian
The Turks had turned the Parthenon into a ….
Mosque
Meczet
Mosque
Parthenon had been converted also into a …
Christian church
Pathenon was at some point was used as a …
Gunpowder store (which blew up)
Partenon był w pewnym czasie używany jako skład prochu, który wybuchł
Uszkodzenie
Damage
The Parthenon was commissioned by…
Pericles
(Partenon został zlecony przez Peryklesa)
Phidias was the
Sculptor
(Fidiasz był rzeźbiarzem)
Rzeźbiarz
Sculptor
Rzeźba
sculpture
After Greek victories over the Persians, Phidias was given the task of…
Co-ordinating the rebuilding of the temples
(Koordynowanie odbudowy świątyń)
Przeoczyć
Overlook
Tętniące życiem miasto
Teeming city
Agora
Market place
Who spent 11 years perfecting Doric temple?
Ictinus and Callicrates
> , =, <
EXTERIOR … INTERIOR
Exterior > interior
Exterior of the building was much more important than the interior
Why the exterior of the building was much more important than the interior?
To encouraged the Greeks to spent much time outside meeting one another
Standardowa cegła
Conventional brick
Brak czegoś
Lack of sth
By zapewnić
To ensure that
Temple looked perfectly ……….. and in perfect …………….. to human eye
Straight
Proportion
Ictinus and Callicrates used the technique known as ……….. - to slightly deform the columns and architraves
Entasis
Deformacja
Deformation
Architraw
Architrav
zniekształcenie
Disortion
Entazis
Entasis
Distortion causes the eye to see straight lines where otherwise they would appear to ……….. or …….
Curve
Sag
W przeciwnym wypadku
Otherwise
Wydaje się
Appear to
zwisa
Sag
Murarz
Mason
Szczyt wzgórza
Hilltop
Parthenon is a supreme example of …………. temple design
Doric
(Partenon jest najwyższym przykładem projektu doryckiej świątyni)
Parthenon was built to house the cult ……… of ………….. ………………
statue
Athena Parthenos
Pathenon was brightly coloured in ………., ………… and ………….
reds
blues
golds
Greek temples were designed to inspire …… ……………. ……………….
Great colourful ceremonies
Nijaki
Nondescript
Wąski
Narrow
wide
Szeroki
Malowniczy
Picturesque
Parthenon respresented Greek ……… and ……….
Society
Culture
The temple was at once a place of
…………., ……………, …… … .. ….. ……. ….. and a ………. ………
-gathering - zgromadzenia
-warship - kult
-representation of a Greek fighting ship (the basis of Greek power)
-A domestic loom - krosno domowe?
The people were represented by the ………. that ran around the buildings
(As clustering around the presence of Athena)
Columns
(Clustering- zgrupowanie)
Athenas huge statue stood at the …….. of the Parthenon
heart
warsztat tkacki?
Loom
Entasis caused the columns of the temple to ………. …… like a sail
Billow out
(Wypływają jak żagiel)
Dziedzictwo
Legacy
spokojny
Serene
Wolnostojący
Detached
Fasada
Facade
Wydłużony
Extended
Parthenon has ……. rather than …….. columns
Eight
Six
kolumnada
Colonnade
The colonnade encloses the …… the interior structure which is divided into two ………..
Cella
Chambers - komnaty
Komnata
Chamber
Cella
Cella
The larger chamber of Parthenon housed the ……… of Athena
statue
statua
Statue
duży
Large
Pythagoras
- mathematician (advanced the development of matematics)
- he believed that NUMERICAL RATIOS ARE THE BASIS OF ORDER in the physical world
Doric order was probably first used in the design of ………….
Heraion
(Św Hery - Herajon)
Budynki użyteczności publicznej
Civic buildings
Najeźdźcy
Invaders
Doric might be call as a house-style of the ………. ………….
Dorian invaders
Rozkwit
Heyday
imperium greckie (helleńskie)
Hellenic empire
Ruiny
Ruins
Rekonstrukcja
Reconstruction
Pałac minojski w Knossos
Minoan Palace of King Minos at Knossos
The Palace at Knossos was on the island of …………
Crete
Classical orders
The types and styles of columns
and the forms of structure and decoration
That followed on from them
Classical orders:
……….., ………… and …………..
Which developed one after the other
- Doric
- Ionic
- Corinthian
Ionic order come principally from the ………. …………
Ionian Islands
(….Pochodzi głównie z….)
The three types of columns were developments of the ………. columns
Egyptian
Egyptian columns symbolized
……. .. ………. tied together
Bunches of reeds
Pączki trzciny
Bunches of reeds
Kapitel
Capital
The capitals of Greek columns were representations of ………… …………
Natural forms
Liście akantu
Acanthus leaves
Doric columns are ……… and ………
Serious
Masculine - męskie
Corinthian columns suggest
…………… and …………….
Delicacy
Femininity
Doric order
- EARLIEST
- most MASSIVE
- has NO BASE
- fluted shaft
- PLAIN CAPITAL (zwykły)
Kanelury = żłobkowania
Fluted shaft
Trzon kolumny
Shaft
Baza
Base
IONIC order
- lighter development of the Doric
- fluted shaft
- has a BASE
- VOLUTE CAPITAL
Woluta
Volute
Gzyms
Cornice
Tryglif i metopa
triglyph and metope
Fryz ciągły
Continuous frieze
CORINTHIAN order
- PLINTH - (plinta)
- fluted shaft
- ACANTHUS LEAVES 🍃
- the most DECORATIVE
- SMOOTH ARCHITRAVE
belkowanie
Entablature
Greek society:
People were able to ………. at themselves
Laugh
Temples were literally (dosłownie) the high point of Greek …….
Cities
Post-and-lintel construction
Post- słupek
Lintel- nadproże
konstrukcja słupków i nadproży
Łuk
Arch
Agora had the colonnades - STOA
behind which were
……, …….., ………, ……… … …..
And also …… ….., ……., …….., ……..
- shops 🛍
- offices 🏢
- workshops - warsztaty
- places to eat 🍋
- assembly halls - sale zgromadzeń
- stadia - stadiony 🥈🥇🥉
- gymnasia 🏃♀️
- theaters 🎥
The model Greek citizen was meant to be healthy in …….. and ……..
Mind
Body
konstrukcje użytkowe
Usable structures
Użyteczny
Usable
Wszechstronny
All-rounder
Buildings remain some of the most beautiful and usable …………. in the world
Structures
The theatre of Epidaurus was designed by …….
Polycleitos
Rzędy kamiennych siedzeń
Rows of stone seats
Scena
Stage
Zniknął
Vanished
The theatre of Epidaurus remains in use and its ………….. are perfect
Acoustics
Występ
Performance
Wejście
Entrance
Rozmieszczenie
Arrangement
związany z
Associated with
Gymnasia was often ………….. with a school
Associated
Wyposazone w bieżącą wodę
Equipped with running water
NAJLEPIEJ ZACHOWANE
BEST - PRESERVED
Best Greek temples are not to be found in Greece but along the …………….. sea
Mediterranean
(śródziemnomorskie morze)
Gdzie indziej
Elsewhere
Temple of Neptune is dedicated to the goddess of ……….
Hera
REMAINS INTACT
Pozostaje nienaruszone
pomniki
Monuments
płaskorzeźba
Relief
Tympanon
Tympanum
