how are people influenced to behave particularly

Question 1

Social Cognition

Answer 1

How we JUDGE (cognitive aspect) others in SOCIAL SITUATIONS (social aspect) by interpreting and analysing information.

Question 2

Cognitive Bias

Answer 2

A SYSTEMATIC ERROR in thinking generally due to the OVERSIMPLIFYING of the information given in a situation.

Question 3

Personal Perception

Answer 3

The MENTAL PROCESSES we use to FORM IMPRESSIONS of other people.

Question 4

Physical Cues

Answer 4

The PHYSICAL characteristics and BEHAVIOURS of people that INFLUENCE our impressions of them. These cues make us INFER certain QUALITIES about people.

Question 5

The Halo Effect

Answer 5

A COGNITIVE BIAS in which ONE impression of a person INFLUENCES OUR BELIEF about the other qualities.

Question 6

Body Language

Answer 6

NON-VERBAL communication in which PHYSICAL BEHAVIOUR and MOVEMENT rather than words are used to EXPRESS and deliver a certain message.

Question 7

Saliency Detection

Answer 7

A descriptor for anything that is PROMINENT, stands out or is otherwise noticeable when COMPARED to its surroundings

Question 8

Social Categorisation

Answer 8

A MENTAL SHORTCUT that helps with PERSON PERCEPTION to CATEGORISE
people into groups based on their SHARED CHARACTERISTICS.

Question 9

Attributions

Answer 9

INFERENCES (guesses) we make about the CAUSES or reasons of EVENTS and BEHAVIOURS (both others and our own).

Question 10

Attitudes

Answer 10

A person’s EVALUATION of other people, objects, issues, or anything else.

Question 11

3 ways attitudes are formed:

Answer 11

1. media
2. direct contact/personal experience
3. interactions

Question 12

List the tri-cmoponent model of attitudes and what they’re in charge of:

Answer 12

1. Affective (how we feel)
2. Behavioural (how we behave)
3. Cognition (what we think)

Question 13

Stereotypes

Answer 13

A collection of FIXED IDEAS about members of a certain groups where their INDIVIDUAL differences are IGNORED.

Question 14

How are stereotypes helpful?

Answer 14

1. Stereotypes helps guide interactions with people.
2. Stereotypes helps determine how we should act around certain people.
3. Might keep you from getting hurt.

Question 15

How are stereotypes harmful?

Answer 15

1. They ignore individual differences which make people feel neglected.
2. They are not always accurate and based on incorrect or inadequate information.
3. Individuals are unlikely to have all the characteristics of the stereotypes that you assumed.

Question 16

Stigma

Answer 16

the NEGATIVE ATTITUDES against someone based on a DISTINGUISHING CHARACTERISTIC

Question 17

effects of stigma

Answer 17

1. Makes people feel neglected and not understood as an individual person.
2. It lowers their trust or confidence in other groups, as well as self esteem.
   3.Develop feelings of isolation and shame.

Question 18

Prejudice

Answer 18

the NEGATIVE FEELINGS towards a person solely because they belong to a certain GROUP

Question 19

Distinguish between old fashion and modern prejudice

Answer 19

old fashion prejudice:
- deliberate and obvious
- segregation in employment, housing, schooling.

modern prejudice:
- indirect and subtle.
- Displays a fake acceptance but are really just prejudiced.
eg: will interview all people but only hire white people.

Question 20

Discrimination

Answer 20

the NEGATIVE BEHAVIOURS towards a person solely because they belong to a certain GROUP

Question 21

Effects of discrimination on wellbeing

Answer 21

1. psychological issues
2. weak immune system which can lead to future health problems such as diabetes and cancer.
3. Can develop mental health problems such as depression, anxiety, suicidal thoughts, and PTSD
4. Can develop bad habits such as drugs, excess alcohol use, smoking, and unhealthy eating habits.

Question 22

tri components of attitudes in terms of prejudice, discrimination and stigma.

Answer 22

(a) Affective - prejudice
(b) Behaviour - discrimination
(c) Cognition - stigma stereotypes

Question 23

Sexism

Answer 23

The prejudice or discrimination based on a persons sex or gender.

Question 24

Prejudice + Discrimination theory

Answer 24

Prejudiced feelings lead to discriminating behaviours.

Question 25

Ageism

Answer 25

THe prejudice or discrimination based on a persons age.

Question 26

Racism

Answer 26

The prejudice or discrimination based on a persons race or ethnicity.

Question 27

Homophobia

Answer 27

The prejudice or discrimination based on a personss sexual orientation.

Question 28

Changing Social Norms

Answer 28

Views that a group or society think are acceptable/unacceptable in social interactions.

Question 29

Ways to change social norms

Answer 29

1. Education (more educated people are more likely to express less stereotypes)
2. legislation/law (antidiscrimination legislation has decreased the open expressions or prejudice in Australia.
3. media (online debates will people more aware about situations, further pressuring the government and agencies to act.

Question 30

Inter group contact

Answer 30

A theory that there must be a more direct contact and approach between the two groups to reduce prejudice between them.

Question 31

The 4 types of Inter-group contact.

Answer 31

1. Sustained contact.
2. Mutual interdependence.
3. Superordinate goals.
4. Equality of Status.

Question 32

Sustained Contact

Answer 32

The PROLONGED and COOPERATIVE interaction between two groups that have prejudiced each other.

Question 33

Mutual Interdependence

Answer 33

Two groups that DEPEND ON EACH OTHER to reach a COMMON GOAL

Question 34

Superordinate Goals

Answer 34

Top-level, ultimate goals that are shared between people who have prejudiced, which cannot be achieved alone or without other people.

Question 35

Equality of Status

Answer 35

Being on the SAME LEVEL as one another, where neither group have more/less power or status than the other.

Question 36

Status

Answer 36

The level of IMPORTANCE (real or imagined) that group members percieve in regards to other group members position in that group.

Question 37

Power

Answer 37

An individual’s ability to CONTROL or STRONGLY INFLUENCE the thoughts, feelings, and behaviour of another person in the group.

Question 38

Group

Answer 38

Two or more people who INTERACT and INFLUENCE each other to reach a common goal.

Question 39

Collective

Answer 39

A collection of people who exert MINIMUM INFLUENCE on each otherand don’t interact with EVERY person in the collection.