1/11 (Hereditary and Environmental Factors) Flashcards
all the vocabulary from part one of aos 1 (How are behaviour and mental processes shaped?)
Heredity
The passing on of genes from parents to their offspring or from generation to generation.
Hereditary factors
The genetic inheritance that is passed down from parents to their offspring.
Genotype (List the types)
The coded appearance of a characteristic or trait of an organism that is stored in DNA. There are three types of genotypes:
- Homozygous dominant (XX)
- Homozygous recessive (xx)
- Heterozygous (Xx)
Phenotype
The physical appearance of a characteristic or trait (eye colour)
Note: Not every characteristic has a physical appearance (personality and diseases)
Environmental factors
The conditions or surroundings that a person puts themselves in that affects their behaviour and mindset.
The five environmental factors that effect us are socioculture, learning, prenatal, physical, and emotional.
Sociocultural environment
religion, culture, values, beliefs, social norm (morals),
Learning environment
Sensory, stimulation (growth), quality of education, play.
Prenatal environment
The amount of nutrition you consume while you’re pregnant, alcohol or drug use, exposure to toxins.
Physical environment
Exposure to pollutions, diseases, nutritions, extreme temperatures, injuries or accidents.
Emotional Environment
Attachment, close interpersonal relationships, who you’re comfortable around.
Genes
Segments of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) that codes for an organisms characteristics.
Psychological development
The development of an individual’s cognitive, emotional, and social habits and capabilities throughout their life.
Cognitive development
Cognitive development refers to the changes in how an individual mentally perceives and processes situations.
Social development
Social development refers to the changes in an individual’s relationships and how they function as a part of a society.
Emotional development
Emotional development refers to the changes in how an individual interprets and expresses their emotions, while also being able to handle them appropriately.
