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Question 1

phrenology

Answer 1

The study of the relationship between the skulls surface and a persons personality.

Question 2

Ablation

Answer 2

An unethical experiment where they removed brain tissues to determine the changes in behaviour and mental function. Lesioned the brain.

Question 3

Lesioning

Answer 3

The damaging of small areas of the brain.

Question 4

Equipotentiality
equip - equal
potential - the ability to change something.

Answer 4

Healthy areas of the cortex that can take over the function of injured parts of the brain.

Question 5

Mass Action

Answer 5

The idea that complex functions such as learning and memory are controlled by large areas of the brain functioning as a whole. If it is destroyed the level of imparement depends on how much tissue is lost.
Big damage = Big loss of function
Less damage = Less loss of function

Question 6

Neurons

Answer 6

Nerve cells in the baine that generate weak electric signals.

Question 7

Electrodes

Answer 7

Small wires that are used to electrically restore body tissues or measure electrical activitiy in these tissues.

Question 8

Neuroimaging

Answer 8

The technique to capture an image of the brain. Mostly used for diagnostic purposes and is less invasive than other techniques

Question 9

What are the four types of neuroimaging

Answer 9

The four types of neuroimaging are:
- Computerised tomography (CT scan)
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
- Positron Emission Tomography (PET)
- functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI)

Question 10

Computerised Tomography (CT scan)

Answer 10

The series of x-ray images from different angles are combined to create cross-sectional images of the brain.
They are used to:
- locate brain tumours
- observe changes in the brain from neurodegenerative conditions (Alzheimer’s)
- locating an injury or stroke.

Question 11

Magnetic Resonance imaging (MRI)

Answer 11

A computer that generates an image of the brain by using magnetic fields to activate atoms in the brain.
They are used to:
- Diagnose structural abnormalities in the brain
- Identify cancerous tissue and signs of strokes (blood clot in the brain).
- Identify more subtle abnormalities.

Question 12

Neural pathways

Answer 12

Connects the brain to other parts of the nervous ssytem to the body.

Question 13

Hind brain

Answer 13

Influences important bodily processes such as breathing and sleeping.

Question 14

3 main structures of hindbrain

Answer 14

1. Cerebellum
2. Medulla Obloganta
3. Pons

Question 15

Cerebellum

Answer 15

Located at the base of the brain and is the second largest part of the brain which contrains 80% of the brains neurons.
Functions:
- Coordinating muscle movements
- Regulates posture and balance.
- INvolved in learning and memory or motor skills.

Question 16

What happens when the cerebellum is damaged?

Answer 16

Leads to issues with loss of balance, detecting visual motion and muscle coordination.

Question 17

Medulla obloganta

Answer 17

Located at the base of the brain where the brainstem attaches to the spinal cord
- Controls involuntary vital body functions such as breathing and blood pressure.

Question 18

Pons

Answer 18

Located at the base of the brain right above the medulla obloganta. Is involved with connecting the cerebellum

Question 19

What happens when the medulla obloganta is damaged?

Answer 19

Lead to death or severe health problems.

Question 20

Cerebrum

Answer 20

Apart of the forebrain

Question 21

CTE (Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy)

Answer 21

A neurodegenerative disease (the breakdown of the brain cells) linked to repeated impacts to the head
chronic - long term
traumiatic - injury
encelo