Host Interactions Flashcards
what are some airway defences?
mucociliary escalator
cough
AMPs
cellular and humoral immunity
what can cause infection to occur in the airway?
- change to airway (trauma, intubation)
- abnormalities of defence (ciliary escalator in COPD and CF)
- presence of virulent pathogen/ large inoculum
how does an organism in the lungs impair gas exchange?
reaches lungs
immune activation and infiltration (systemic response)
fluid and cellular build up in alveoli blocks gas exchange
what does CF have?
abnormally viscous mucus causing recurrent chest infection and chronic colonisation
causative organisms of CAP in CF
staph aureus H. influenza strep pneumonia pseudomonas aeruginosa burkholderia cepacia
HIV in the lung
PJP
Kaposi’s (rare)
where can herpes zoster hide?
within neurones and non-neuronal cells
when can herpes zoster re-emerge?
when a change in natural immunity arises
what can leishmania do?
interfere with transcription of IL-12 transcription
what infection does post-transplant immunosuppression risk?
aspergillosis
what is aspergillosis?
infection with a fungi
what to check about someone’s post-transplant immunosuppression?
did they begin to reject their transplant as then immunosuppression will have been increased
where does aspergillosis come from?
building sites
diagnosis of aspergillosis
microscopy
BAL/ serum (beta D glucan in cell wall)
risk factors for aspergillosis
cirrhosis COPD solid organ malignancy HIV viruses malnutrition post-surgery immunosuppressed COVID
