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CLASP: Sepsis > Gram Negative > Flashcards

Gram Negative Flashcards

1
Q

gram +ve bacteria gram stain

A

purple

thick peptidoglycan

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2
Q

where are gram +ve bacteria found?

A

skin

joints

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3
Q

gram -ve bacteria gram stain

A 
pink
thin peptidoglycan (two plasma membranes)
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4
Q

where are gram -ve bacteria found?

A

GI tract

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5
Q

where are anaerobes found?

A

mouth
gut
‘dirty’ places (abscess, dental infections)

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6
Q

5 kingdoms of living things

A 
fungi
plants
animals
protista
bacteria
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7
Q

which of the 5 kingdoms are prokaryotes?

A

bacteria

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8
Q

examples of gram -ve aerobic rods/ bacilli

A 
E. coli
klebsiella
shigella
proteus
salmonella
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9
Q

where are gram -ve aerobic bacilli found?

A

GI

GU

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10
Q

rusty sputum

A

pneumococcus

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11
Q

bloody sputum

A

TB

PE

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12
Q

anchovy paste sputum

A

amoebic abscess

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13
Q

yellow/green sputum

A

bacterial infection

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14
Q

black sputum

A

coalminers

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15
Q

red currant jelly sputum

A

klebsiella

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16
Q

pink frothy sputum

A

pulmonary oedema

17
Q

host factors to consider

A 
age
time of year/ season
immunosuppression
chronic disease
epidemiological factors
travel
hospitalised
ventilated vs non-ventilated
18
Q

most common cause of CAP

A

strep pneumonia

19
Q

CAP organisms if asplenic

A

H. influenza (encapsulated)

pneumococcus

20
Q

CAP organism associated with steroids dose changes

A

PCP

21
Q

gram stain of H. influenza

A

gram -ve coccobacillus

22
Q

which is the most dangerous type of H. influenza?

A

type B (HiB)

23
Q

why is HiB the most dangerous of all H. influenzas?

A

penetrates CSF and bloodstream

24
Q

is there a vaccine for HiB?

A

yes

25
Q

is H. influenza aerobic?

A

yes

26
Q

what does H. influenza grow on in the lab?

A

chocolate agar

27
Q

management of H. influenza

A

amoxicillin or doxycycline

28
Q

gram stain of legionella

A

gram -ve bacillus

29
Q

diagnosis of legionella

A

culture + BAL

30
Q

causes of legionella

A

lukewarm water
hot countries (Spain)
spa’s
hotels

31
Q

what is legionnaire’s disease?

A

CAP caused by legionella

32
Q

management of legionella

A

quinolone

33
Q

cause of coxiella burnetti (Q fever)

A

farm animals

34
Q

gram stain of enterobacterales

A

gram -ve bacillus/ rods

35
Q

what causes gram -ve sepsis?

A

endotoxin

36
Q

diagnosis of CAP

A

sputum
purulence
viral PCR

37
Q

how to stop spread of clostridia?

A

hand washing, not killed by alcohol gel

38
Q

why are antibiotics not given in E. coli 0157?

A

risks development of HUS

CLASP: Sepsis (8 decks)

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