Gram Negative

Question 1

gram +ve bacteria gram stain

Answer 1

purple

thick peptidoglycan

Question 2

where are gram +ve bacteria found?

Answer 2

skin

joints

Question 3

gram -ve bacteria gram stain

Answer 3

pink
thin peptidoglycan (two plasma membranes)

Question 4

where are gram -ve bacteria found?

Answer 4

GI tract

Question 5

where are anaerobes found?

Answer 5

mouth
gut
‘dirty’ places (abscess, dental infections)

Question 6

5 kingdoms of living things

Answer 6

fungi
plants
animals
protista
bacteria

Question 7

which of the 5 kingdoms are prokaryotes?

Answer 7

bacteria

Question 8

examples of gram -ve aerobic rods/ bacilli

Answer 8

E. coli
klebsiella
shigella
proteus
salmonella

Question 9

where are gram -ve aerobic bacilli found?

Answer 9

GI

GU

Question 10

rusty sputum

Answer 10

pneumococcus

Question 11

bloody sputum

Answer 11

TB

PE

Question 12

anchovy paste sputum

Answer 12

amoebic abscess

Question 13

yellow/green sputum

Answer 13

bacterial infection

Question 14

black sputum

Answer 14

coalminers

Question 15

red currant jelly sputum

Answer 15

klebsiella

Question 16

pink frothy sputum

Answer 16

pulmonary oedema

Question 17

host factors to consider

Answer 17

age
time of year/ season
immunosuppression
chronic disease
epidemiological factors
travel
hospitalised
ventilated vs non-ventilated

Question 18

most common cause of CAP

Answer 18

strep pneumonia

Question 19

CAP organisms if asplenic

Answer 19

H. influenza (encapsulated)

pneumococcus

Question 20

CAP organism associated with steroids dose changes

Answer 20

PCP

Question 21

gram stain of H. influenza

Answer 21

gram -ve coccobacillus

Question 22

which is the most dangerous type of H. influenza?

Answer 22

type B (HiB)

Question 23

why is HiB the most dangerous of all H. influenzas?

Answer 23

penetrates CSF and bloodstream

Question 24

is there a vaccine for HiB?

Answer 24

yes

Question 25

is H. influenza aerobic?

Answer 25

yes

Question 26

what does H. influenza grow on in the lab?

Answer 26

chocolate agar

Question 27

management of H. influenza

Answer 27

amoxicillin or doxycycline

Question 28

gram stain of legionella

Answer 28

gram -ve bacillus

Question 29

diagnosis of legionella

Answer 29

culture + BAL

Question 30

causes of legionella

Answer 30

lukewarm water
hot countries (Spain)
spa’s
hotels

Question 31

what is legionnaire’s disease?

Answer 31

CAP caused by legionella

Question 32

management of legionella

Answer 32

quinolone

Question 33

cause of coxiella burnetti (Q fever)

Answer 33

farm animals

Question 34

gram stain of enterobacterales

Answer 34

gram -ve bacillus/ rods

Question 35

what causes gram -ve sepsis?

Answer 35

endotoxin

Question 36

diagnosis of CAP

Answer 36

sputum
purulence
viral PCR

Question 37

how to stop spread of clostridia?

Answer 37

hand washing, not killed by alcohol gel

Question 38

why are antibiotics not given in E. coli 0157?

Answer 38

risks development of HUS