Antibiotics Flashcards

1
Q

4D’s of antimicrobial therapy

A

drug
dose
duration
de-escalation

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2
Q

what does metronidazole cover?

A

anaerobes

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3
Q

what does gentamicin cover?

A

gram -ve

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4
Q

what does amoxicillin cover?

A

broad spectrum

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5
Q

4C’s

A

cephalosporins
clindamycin
co-amoxiclav (amxocillins in general)
ciprofloxacin (quinolones)

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6
Q

what is negative about the 4C’s?

A

broad spectrum agents that increase risk of C. diff

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7
Q

risk of C. diff in antibiotics outwith the 4 C’s?

A

lower risk, not no risk

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8
Q

recommendations in antibiotic prescribing

A

short intervals
narrowest antibiotics
jabs > tabs

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9
Q

benefits of changing antibiotic preparation from IV to oral?

A

reduced hospital stay
less chance of infection at site
less time on preparation
patient happier

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10
Q

what licenses antibiotics?

A

EMA/MHRA

then reviewed by Scottish medicine consortium

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11
Q

general side effects of antibiotics

A
nausea
vomiting
diarrhoea
rashes
candida
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12
Q

side effects of penicillin’s

A

hypersensitivity

skin reactions

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13
Q

side effects of flucloxacillin and co-amoxiclav

A

cholestatic jaundice

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14
Q

side effects of macrolides

A

GI
hepatitis
QT interval

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15
Q

side effects of aminoglycosides/ glycopeptides

A

nephrotoxicity

ototoxicity

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16
Q

which antibiotic needs monitoring?

A

gentamicin

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17
Q

when to avoid gentamicin?

A
AKI
low eGFR
decompensated liver disease
ascites
burns
18
Q

adverse of vancomycin

A

“red man” syndrome
administered too quick
histamine-like reaction

19
Q

adverse of tetracyclines

A

hepatotoxicity
staining teeth
photosensitivity
dysphagia

20
Q

adverse of nitrofurantoin

A

peripheral neuropathy

pulmonary fibrosis

21
Q

adverse of chloramphenicol

A

aplastic anaemia

grey baby

22
Q

broad spectrum + OCP

A

contraceptive failure

23
Q

broad spectrum + warfarin

A

increased INR (increased risk of bleeding)

24
Q

metronidazole + alcohol

A

disulfram-like reaction

25
Q

types of allergy

A
adverse drug reaction
anaphylaxis
immediate
accelerated
non-immediate
26
Q

how much of the population is actually allergic to penicillin?

A

<0.5%

27
Q

what do all penicillin’s contain in their structure?

A

beta lactam ring

28
Q

what other agents contain the beta lactam ring?

A

cephalosporins
carbapenems
aztreonam

29
Q

action of antibiotics that target the cell wall

A

disrupts cross-linking

30
Q

most likely organism in the CNS

A

strep pneumonia

31
Q

antibiotic of choice for CNS

A

amoxicillin as can cross BBB (so can cephalosporins)

32
Q

most likely organisms in resp tract

A

H. influenza
strep pneumonia
legionella

33
Q

antibiotic choice in resp tract

A

co-amoxiclav if severe

amoxicillin if moderate

34
Q

most likely organism in GI tract

A

E. coli

C. diff

35
Q

management of GI tract (E. coli)

A

amoxicillin
gentamicin
metronidazole

36
Q

management of C. diff

A

metronidazole

vancomycin if severe

37
Q

most common organism in GU tract?

A

E.coli

38
Q

antibiotic of choice in GU tract?

A

gentamicin

39
Q

common causative organisms in skin

A

staph aureus

staph epidermidis in prosthetics

40
Q

management of skin infections

A

flucloxacillin