4th Year Additions Flashcards

1
Q

how to dose in extremes of BMI?

A

use ideal weight

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2
Q

three ways staph aureus can cause infection

A
  1. toxin release cause distant infection
  2. local tissue destruction
  3. haematogenous spread
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3
Q

distant infections caused by staph aureus

A

scalded skin syndrome
preformed toxin in food
toxic shock

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4
Q

what causes TB to be latent?

A

granuloma formation prevents bacterial growth and spread

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5
Q

sign in moraxella catarrhalis?

A

hockey puck sign

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6
Q

what is the mantoux test?

A

tuberculin skin test for TB

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7
Q

complication of influenza

A

Reye syndrome

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8
Q

what is Reye syndrome

A

encephalopathy

fatty degenerative liver failure

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9
Q

antiviral options in influenza

A

oseltamivir

zanamivir

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10
Q

how long cause PEP be given for after exposure?

A

72 hours

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11
Q

what does PEP consist of?

A

tenofovir, emtricitabine and raltegravir

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12
Q

how long is PEP given for after exposure?

A

28 days

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13
Q

history questions for a fever in a returning traveller?

A
bites
fresh water
dust 
sexual activity
ticks
farms
caves
unwell contacts
stopovers
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14
Q

where does oral vancomycin work?

A

only the gut

if needed for other indications than c. diff need IV

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15
Q

c. diff hand washing

A

resistant to alcohol gel so needs hand washing with soap and water

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16
Q

E. coli food poisoning causes

A

beef

milk

17
Q

salmonella food poisoning causes

A

eggs
poultry
meat

18
Q

campylobacter food poisoning causes

A

meat

unpasteurised milk

19
Q

staph aureus food poisoning causes

A

unpasteurised milk

undercooked food

20
Q

clostridium perfrinigens food poisoning causes

A

raw food

21
Q

listeria food poisoning causes

A

cheese

pate

22
Q

bacillus cereus food poisoning causes

A

rice

23
Q

causation of elephantiasis

A

lymphatic filariasis caused by parasites via mosquitoes

24
Q

diarrhoea causes without blood

A
norovirus
rotavirus
e. coli
c. perfringens
cholera
25
Q

diarrhoea causes with blood

A
shigella
e. coli 0157
campylobacter
salmonella enterocolitis
yersinia enterocolitis
c. diff
26
Q

define pyrexia of unknown origin (PUO)

A

pyrexia for >3 weeks with no identified cause after evaluation in hospital for 3 days or 3 or more outpatient visits

27
Q

history questions in PUO

A
travel
diet
animal contact
medication
recreational drugs
sexual/ obstetric history
FH
28
Q

what kind of virus is measles?

A

paramyxovirus

29
Q

how is measles spread?

A

droplets

30
Q

how to prevent measles?

A

MMR vaccine

31
Q

presentation of measles

A

pyrexia
Koplik spots (small grey lesions on buccal mucosa)
maculopapular rash

32
Q

management of measles

A

supportive

analgesia

33
Q

complications of measles

A

reactivation 10 years later in the brain (fatal)

34
Q

management of malaria

A
quinine
mefloquine
doxcycline
chloroquine
artesunate (severe falciparum malaria)
35
Q

what causes typhoid?

A

infection with salmonella typhi

36
Q

how is typhoid spread?

A

food

water

37
Q

how to prevent typhoid?

A

vaccine

38
Q

presentation of typhoid

A
fever
HA
diarrhoea
rose spots (blanching maculopapular rash on trunk)
splenomegaly
39
Q

management of typhoid

A

ceftriaxone
ciprofloxacin
fluids