Horse Pelvis Lecture Flashcards by Mary Miller

Tensor fascia latae m

origin
insertion

O: tuber coxae
I: patellar ligament

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Superficial gluteal m

origin
insertion

O: tuber coxae
I:3rd trochanter (femur)

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Middle gluteal m

origin
insertion

O: tuber coxae, ilium, sacrosciatic ligament
I: greater trochanter (femur)

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Accessory head m

-insertion

Intertrochanteric line of femur

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Deep gluteal m

origin
insertion

O: ischial spine

I{ greater trochanter (femur)

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What does the cranial gluteal a supply

tensor fasia latae
superficial gluteal
middle gluteal
deep gluteal

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What does cranial gluteal n supply? (without help from other n)

tensor fascia latae

Deep gluteal

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What does cranial AND caudal gluteal n supply

superficial gluteal

middle gluteal

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Lumbosacral plexus gives rise to what 2 important n in perineum

Caudal rectal n

Pudendal n

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Caudal rectal n supplies

Coccygeus
Levator ani
External anal sphincter

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Pudendal n supplies

Deep perineal n

Dorsal n of penis

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Define inguinal canal

Inguinal canal is potential space situated between internal and external abdominal oblique muscles extending from deep to superficial inguinal ring

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Borders of deep inguinal ring

Cranial=internal abdominal oblique
Medial=rectus abdominis
Caudal=inguinal ligament (from EAO)

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What goes through inguinal canal in male 5

Testicular a, v
Ductus deferens
Cremaster m
Genitofemoral n
External pudendal a,v

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What goes through inguinal canal in female 2

Genitofemoral n

External pudendal a,v

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Where do structures in inguinal canal exit? what is at this location?

Exit at superficial inguinal ring

–>Here be superficial inguinal LN

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How do you measure scrotal width?

Calipers

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What type of penis does equine have

Musculocavernous

-Increases in girth rather than length at erection

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What muscles support erection of penis

corpus cavernosus penis (CCP)

Ischiocavernosus m

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What muscles facilitate ejaculation of penis

Corpus spongiosum penis (CSP)

Bulbospongiosus m

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Urethral sinus opens into

Fossa glandis

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What should be routinely cleaned

Fossa glandis and urethral process

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What can be cultured to detect potential genital infections

Urethral cultures

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Raised denticulated margin on glans penis

Corona glandis

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Where is urethral process?

On glans penis within fossa glandis

Dorsal diverticulum of glans penis

urethral sinus

Unique trait about horse prepuse

Has internal and external lamina

Preputial orifice

Opening of preputial cavity to outside and lies far cranially in non-erect state and covers glans penis but is pushed back to body wall at erection.

Describe external lamina

Attached ventral body wall and covered by hair

Describe internal lamina

Hairless and forms preputial fold in non-erect state which provides material that facilitates penile elongation

Attachment of internal lamina | -importance

Preputial ring | -During erection, internal lamina is stretched out. Attached to preputial ring

What is the free part of the penis

Part of internal lamina that lies cranial to preputial ring and does NOT extend as far as the glans penis

What are 3 major sources of blood supply to penis via dorsal artery

Internal pudendal a Obturator a External pudendal a

Internal pudendal a consists of

dorsal a of penis | artery of the bulb a

Obturator a consists of

deep a | dorsal artery of the penis

External pudendal a consists of

dorsal artery of the penis

Explain venous drainage of penis - root - body

Venous drainage from root of the penis passes in the internal pudendal v From the body of the penis through external pudendal v and obturator v

Explain lymphatic drainage of penis

Lymphatics from prepuce and scrotum drain to the superficial inguinal, deep inguinal, and me`dial iliac LN

Sensory n to penis comes from

Pudendal n | Dorsal n of penis

Sympathetic testicular n fibers of penis come from

Caudal mesenteric ganglion and parasympathetic fibers from pelvic n

What contributes to cutaneous innervation to prepuce and skin of medial thigh?

Pudendal and genitofemoral n

4 accessory genital glands of stallion

``` ampulla vesicular gland prostate gland bulbourethral gland ` ```

Hoe can you check accessory glands?

Rectal palpation

Where does ovulation take place

Ovulation fossa

Ovaries are located more cranial or caudally than dog

Caudal

Where are ovaries situated

Ovarian bursa

What are the openings at ends of uterine tubes

Abdominal and uterine orifices

parts of oviduct

infundibulum (proximal) ampulla (distal) isthmus (distal)

Infundibulum is extended

Over ovulation fossa

Lateral and medial wall of ovarian bursa

Messentary (mesosalpinx)-lateral Mesovarium-medial

Uterus consists of

1 body | 2 horns

Uterine horns are joined by

Intercornual ligament

Pregnancy occurs in

uterine body

3 sources of blood supply to uterus

uterina a ovarian a vaginal a

Cervical canal is lined with

longitudinal mucosal folds

Internal uterine orifice opens into

body of uterus

External uterine orifice opens into

vagina

Projects into vagina

portio vaginalis

Fornix vagina

Vaginal space surrounding portio vaginalis

What demarcates vagina and vestibule

External urethral orifice

Vestibular wall is supported by

Constrictor vestibuli m

Vestibular wall contains erectile tissue

Vestibular bulb

How can you access peritoneal cavity from vagina?

Incision in cranial dorsal wall of vagina | be sure to avoid venous plexuses in ventral wall

What forms dorsal and ventral commissures of mare repro | -what forms pelvic floor

Lips Pelvic floor=vulva

Vulva wall is supported by

Constrictor vulvar m

What is "winking"

During estrus, mares are able to contract vulva muscles and expose clitoris

Popular sits for infection in mare repro

Clitoral fossa | Clitoral sinuses

Where is glans clitoridis

Ventral commissure of vulva and within clitoral fossa

What supports glans clitoridis

Transverse fold of tissue as frenulum of prepuce

What causes equine infectious metritis

Taylorella equigenitalis

Ovarian a comes from

Aorta

Uterine a comes frmo

External iliac a

Vaginal a comes from

Internal pudendal a

Define perineal body

Mass of fat and CT that lies btw rectum (dorsally) and vestibule (ventrally) and is supported by external anal sphincter, constrictor vestibuli, retractor clitoridis, and levator ani m

Frequent site for rectovaginal fistulas

Perineal body

Bloodsupplies mammary glands

External pudendal a | cranial and caudal mammary a

Cutaneous innervation of mammary glands

Genitofemoral, pudendal, iliohypogastric n Sympathetic supply from hypogastric n

T/F there is parasympathetic innervation in mammary glands

F | No psymp

Afferent lymphatics in mmary glands go to

Superficial inguinal LN

Venous drainage of mammary glands is through

External pudendal v

Lymphatic drainage of mammary glands is via

Superficial inguinal LN and deep inguinal LN