Equine Forelimb Lab

Question 1

Bucked shins or shin splints

• Type of disease
• What’s wrong

Answer 1

Dorsal MC disease…mostly seen in young racehorses following strenuous exercise

May be associated with subperiosteal hemorrahage on dorsal aspect of large MC bone or canon bone

Question 2

Contracted tendons

• What
• Observed
• AKA

Answer 2

Deformaties with flexor tendons and most commonly observed at coffin jt

AKA club foot

Question 3

High ring bone

Answer 3

Bone growth above or below pastern jt-involves either distal end of P1 or proximal end of P2

Question 4

Quittor

Answer 4

Purulent infection of hoof cartilages with necrosis

Question 5

Sidebones

Answer 5

Ossification of collateral cartilages, usually forelimbs

Question 6

Sweeney

Answer 6

Loss of muscle mass in infra and supraspinatus muscles due to suprascapular n damage

Question 7

Windpuffs or wind gals

• What
• Associated with

Answer 7

Chronic distension of palmar or plantar recess of fetlock jt w/synovial fluid.

Associated with chronic distension of flexor tendon sheath at level of fetlock.

Question 8

What act as collateral ligaments for shoulder jt

Answer 8

Tendons of supra and infraspinatus m laterally and subscapular m medially

RARE to dslocate shoulder

Question 9

Infraspinatus bursa

• Where
• Shoulder injection

Answer 9

Under tendon of infraspinatus m and subject to inflammation

Injection of shoulder jt at cranial border of infraspinatus tendon dorsal to greater tubercle.

Question 10

Bowed tendon

• What
• How is it formed

Answer 10

Tendons become thickened and bow caudally in MC region

Acute tendinitis=flexor tendons and interosseus m in MC region
–>Repeated strain during fast gaits

Question 11

Chip or slab fractures

• What
• What bones are affected
• Remedy

Answer 11

When carpal bones are driven together hard during fast gait
-radial and 3rd carpal bone

Surgical removal of fragment is only effective remedy

Question 12

Puffs

Answer 12

Distension of radiocarpal and/or midcarpal capsules between extensor tendons on dorsal surface of carpus jt

Question 13

Thrush

Answer 13

Infection of central and lateral sulcl of frog region of horse’s foot
-Bacterial/fungal infection

Reults when horse stands in urine/feces bedding

Question 14

Laminitis

• AKA
• Chronic condition

Answer 14

Founder

Inflammation of dermal laminae that lead to destruction of the union btw hoof wall and P3

Chronic conditions:coffin bone rotates away from wall and pushes through sole (euthanize horse)

Question 15

Navicular disease

• What
• Relief
• Mistake

Answer 15

Inflammation of navicular bursa

Relief of chronic navicular disease achieved by digital nerves neurectomy close to palpable cartilages of the hoof.

Ligament of ergot should not be mistaken for these n

Question 16

Villinodular synovitis

Answer 16

Inflammation and thickening of capsular fold
-btw MC3 and P1

Due to fast gaits and exreme overextension of fetlock jt when it sinks toward ground

Question 17

Why are nerve blocks used

Answer 17

Diagnosis of lameness and pain management

Question 18

Digital cushion

• Where
• Action
• Importance

Answer 18

Btw P3 and frog
Presses against hoof cartilages and promotes outward movement of quarters.

Part of cushion and frog are resected to drain navicular bursa when it becomes inflamed (maybe from nail)

Question 19

Arthrocentesis

Answer 19

Puncture of jts is performed for diagnosis of lameness, injection of medication and collection of synovial fluid

Question 20

Interubercular bursa

• where
• inflamed
• communication

Answer 20

Under tendon of origin of biceps brachii

When inflamed=bicipital bursitis.

DOES not communcate with shoulder jt capsule

Question 21

Rupture of serratus ventralis

Answer 21

If ruptured, may lead to jagged prokection of dorsal border in wither region

Question 22

Gravil

• AKA
• What
• Migration

Answer 22

AKA White line disease

Pus draining at coronet due to puncture wound at white line
-Pus migrates proximally following infection of sensitive tissue of white line. Pus follows line of least resistance

Question 23

Name the MC bones

Answer 23

3rd MC= cannon bone
2nd MC=medial splint
4th MC=lateral splint

Question 24

T/F MC2 is shorter than MT3 in hindlimb

Answer 24

T

Question 25

Strongest bone in the body in forelimb

Answer 25

MC3

Question 26

MT3 and MC3 difference

Answer 26

MC3 cross section is oval

MT3 cross section is round

Question 27

What does the MC tuberosity attach to

Answer 27

Extensor carpi radialis

Question 28

What connects the proximal sesamoids

Answer 28

palmar (intersesamoidean) ligament

Question 29

Give joints from proximal to distal starting at the shoulder

Answer 29

Humeral (shoulder jt)
Cubital (elbow) jt
Radiocarpal jt
Middle carpal jt
Carpometacarpal jt
Metacarpophalangeal jt (fetlock jt)
Proximal interphalangeal jt (pastern jt)
Distal interphalangeal jt (coffin jt)

Question 30

Other names for accessory ligament of SDF

Answer 30

Proximal check ligament
Superior check ligament
Radial check ligament

Question 31

What tendons travel through carpal canal

Answer 31

Flexor carpi radialis

Question 32

Other names for accessory ligament of DDF

Answer 32

Distal check ligament

Inferior check ligament

Question 33

What vessels are at risk in “skating” injuries

Answer 33

Cephalic v

Deltoid branch of superficial cervical a

Question 34

What innervates pectoral m

Answer 34

Cranial pectoral m

Question 35

What is sensory to skin of antebrachium

Answer 35

Musculocutaneous

Question 36

Lateral thoracic n innervates

Answer 36

Cutaneous trunci

Question 37

Thoracodorsal n innervates

Answer 37

Latissimus dorsi

Question 38

Long thoracic n innervates

Answer 38

Serratus ventralis

Question 39

What does radial n supply

Answer 39

Antigravity m

All the extensor m below shoulder jt and brachialis m